Pediatrics-Reflex and developmental milestones Flashcards

1
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Stimulus: Touch side of their cheek

Response: Turning of head to side of stimulus with mouth open

Normal age of response:
28 weeks of gestation to 3 months

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2
Q

Moro reflex

A

Stimulus: Head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches (feels like they are falling)

Response: open their arms (abduction)–> bring them back to their chest (horizontal adduction)+ cry

Normal age of response:
28 weeks of gestation to 5 months

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3
Q

Sucking reflex

A

Stimulus: Roof of mouth is touched

Response: Initiate sucking

Normal age of response:
28 weeks of gestation to 5 months

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4
Q

Plantar grasp reflex

A

Stimulus: Pressure to base of toes
Response: Toe flexion

Normal age of response:
28 weeks of gestation to 9 months

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5
Q

Stepping reflex

A

Stimulus: Supported upright position with soles of feet on a firm surface

Response: Reciprocal flexion/extension of legs (stepping motions)

Normal age of response:
38 weeks of gestation to 2 months

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6
Q

Palmar grasp reflex

A

Stimulus: Pressure in palm of hand on ulnar side

Response: Flexion of fingers causing strong grip

Normal age of response:
0-4 months

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7
Q

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

A

Stimulus: Head position, turned to one side

Response:
Face side: Arm and leg extend,
Scalp side: arm and leg flex

Normal age of response:
0-6 months

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8
Q

Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)

A

Stimulus: Head position (extension in supine; flexion in prone)

Response:
supine: body and extremities in extension
prone: body and extremities in flexion

Normal age of response:
0-6 months

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9
Q

Symmetrical tonic neck Reflex (STNR)

A

Stimulus: Head position, neck flexion or extension

Response:
head in flexion:
arms flexed and legs extended
head is in extension: arms extended and legs flexed

Normal age of response:
6-9 months

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10
Q

Babinski reflex

A

Stimulus: Stroking lateral aspect of the sole of the foot

Response: Fanning of toes and extension of great toe

Normal age of response:
1-2 years

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11
Q

0-3 months

A

Head control development

Develop ability to control head in all positions (e.g. able to turn head to follow toy in supine)
++ random kicking in supine

Head right and reflex stepping (when held in standing)

Pelvis and legs must be a stable base of support for prone propping

Requires full support in sitting

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12
Q

4-5 months

A

Pelvis and legs stabilize in prone and prop up on extended elbows

Feet to hands and mouth in supine

Good head control in supported sitting

Can weight bear if supported in standing

Able to follow objects (180 degrees) with eyes, laughing

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13
Q

5 months

A

Can roll from prone to supine

Demonstrates head control in supported sitting

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14
Q

6-7 months

A

7 months: sitting independently
Can roll from supine to prone

Have control of arms and upper trunk

Able to reach for an object
utilizing only one hand

Can roll from supine to prone

Independent getting into sitting

Sitting: uses hands for play and exploration

Standing with support with good alignment

Able to bounce in standing (this promotes mobility and walking)

May start commando (belly) crawling

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15
Q

8-9 months

A

9 mo: Crawling: on hands and knees
ease of movement

Can get into 4-point position from prone

Can pivot in sitting

Demonstrate rocking in 4 point which is the precursor to crawling

Can pull to stand at furniture
Able to stand at furniture, stand alone, cruise sideways

Can lower into sitting from supported standing

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16
Q

9 months:

A

Have control of lower trunk and pelvis

Able to transfer objects from one hand to another (fine motor behaviour)

17
Q

10-11 months

A

No longer stays in prone and supine

Can stand hands free for a few seconds

Can crawl up stairs

Bear walks (hands and feet)

Can walk with hands held

Develops pincer grasp

18
Q

12-15 months

A

Stand & Walk independently

12 months – holds a cup by handle while drinking

Throws a ball with whole body movement (not dissociated)

Walks backwards and sideways a few steps

19
Q

16 – 24 months

A

Can squat and transition back up to standing

Walks up/down the stairs with handheld

Propel/steer push toys

Initiates kicking a ball

20
Q

2-2.5 years

A

Walk on tiptoes

Jump with 2 feet

Stands on one foot

Controlled kick of a ball

Throw and catch a large ball

Running and ascend/descend stairs slowly

Rides tricycle

21
Q

3-5 years

A

Becoming functionally independent

Climb stairs 1 foot/step

Walk a straight line with heel touching toe

Controlled faster running with controlled stop and jump/hop on 1 foot

Ride a bike

Throwing to targets

Somersaults

Dress and eat independently

22
Q

Grasp Development

A

5-6 mo: Palmar grasp

7-8 mo: Raking grasp (finger flexion to make a bowl)

8-9 mo: Radial digital grasp (3 fingers: Thumb, I/F, M/F)

10-12 mo: Pincer grasp