Pediatrics-Reflex and developmental milestones Flashcards
Rooting reflex
Stimulus: Touch side of their cheek
Response: Turning of head to side of stimulus with mouth open
Normal age of response:
28 weeks of gestation to 3 months
Moro reflex
Stimulus: Head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches (feels like they are falling)
Response: open their arms (abduction)–> bring them back to their chest (horizontal adduction)+ cry
Normal age of response:
28 weeks of gestation to 5 months
Sucking reflex
Stimulus: Roof of mouth is touched
Response: Initiate sucking
Normal age of response:
28 weeks of gestation to 5 months
Plantar grasp reflex
Stimulus: Pressure to base of toes
Response: Toe flexion
Normal age of response:
28 weeks of gestation to 9 months
Stepping reflex
Stimulus: Supported upright position with soles of feet on a firm surface
Response: Reciprocal flexion/extension of legs (stepping motions)
Normal age of response:
38 weeks of gestation to 2 months
Palmar grasp reflex
Stimulus: Pressure in palm of hand on ulnar side
Response: Flexion of fingers causing strong grip
Normal age of response:
0-4 months
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
Stimulus: Head position, turned to one side
Response:
Face side: Arm and leg extend,
Scalp side: arm and leg flex
Normal age of response:
0-6 months
Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)
Stimulus: Head position (extension in supine; flexion in prone)
Response:
supine: body and extremities in extension
prone: body and extremities in flexion
Normal age of response:
0-6 months
Symmetrical tonic neck Reflex (STNR)
Stimulus: Head position, neck flexion or extension
Response:
head in flexion:
arms flexed and legs extended
head is in extension: arms extended and legs flexed
Normal age of response:
6-9 months
Babinski reflex
Stimulus: Stroking lateral aspect of the sole of the foot
Response: Fanning of toes and extension of great toe
Normal age of response:
1-2 years
0-3 months
Head control development
Develop ability to control head in all positions (e.g. able to turn head to follow toy in supine)
++ random kicking in supine
Head right and reflex stepping (when held in standing)
Pelvis and legs must be a stable base of support for prone propping
Requires full support in sitting
4-5 months
Pelvis and legs stabilize in prone and prop up on extended elbows
Feet to hands and mouth in supine
Good head control in supported sitting
Can weight bear if supported in standing
Able to follow objects (180 degrees) with eyes, laughing
5 months
Can roll from prone to supine
Demonstrates head control in supported sitting
6-7 months
7 months: sitting independently
Can roll from supine to prone
Have control of arms and upper trunk
Able to reach for an object
utilizing only one hand
Can roll from supine to prone
Independent getting into sitting
Sitting: uses hands for play and exploration
Standing with support with good alignment
Able to bounce in standing (this promotes mobility and walking)
May start commando (belly) crawling
8-9 months
9 mo: Crawling: on hands and knees
ease of movement
Can get into 4-point position from prone
Can pivot in sitting
Demonstrate rocking in 4 point which is the precursor to crawling
Can pull to stand at furniture
Able to stand at furniture, stand alone, cruise sideways
Can lower into sitting from supported standing