Thyroid Hormonal/Adrenal Gland Dysfunction

Question 1

Hyperthyroidism S/S

Answer 1

Elevation of metabolism:
- Inc HR/RR
- Palpitations/dysrhythmia
- Breathlessness

Swelling/enlargement in anterior neck

CNS changes (tremors, hyperkinesia, inc deep tendon reflexes)

MSK changes (weakness, fatigue, atrophy)

Heat intolerance

Question 2

Grave’s Disease Cause

Answer 2

Hyperthyroidism - autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid:
o T3 and T4 will be high (produced by thyroid)
o Typically low TSH (inhibited by high level of T3/T4)

Anterior pituitary tumor:
o Over secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
o high TSH

Question 3

Grave’s Disease S/S

Answer 3

• Fever
• Weight loss
• Exercise intolerance
• Goiter
• Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
• Tachycardia
• Decreased fertility
• women>men

Question 4

Hashimoto Thyroiditis Cause

Answer 4

• Autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland (T3 and T4 are low).
• TSH is high (because pituitary is trying to stimulate thyroid).
• women>men.

Question 5

Hashimoto Thyroiditis S/S

Answer 5

• Weight gain (decreased metabolic rate)
• Cold intolerance
• Round puffy face
• Bradycardia
• Constipation
• Low blood pressure
• Depression
• Goiter

Question 6

Parathyroid Dysfunction

Answer 6

• Result in increaed calcium level in the blood
• Calcium drawn from bones–>osteoporosis and fracture

Question 7

Adrenal gland hormones:

Answer 7

• Cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, androgens
• Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine
  *“fight or flight response

Question 8

Cushing’s Disease Cause

Answer 8

from prolonged exposure to cortisol
(chronic and excessive production by adrenal glands)

Causes:
- Adrenal tumor
- Anterior pituitary tumor–>adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Medication: corticosteroids)

Question 9

Cushing’s Disease S/S

Answer 9

• Hypertension
• Moon face
• Central obesity
• Abdominal striations
• Acne

Question 10

Addison’s Disease Cause

Answer 10

Adrenal insufficiency - decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone

Causes:
* Autoimmune process
* Adrenal infection
* Adrenal hemorrhage
* Neoplasm (pituitary or adrenals)

Signs and symptoms:
* Weakness and decreased endurance
* Fatigue
* Intolerance to cold
* GI disturbances
* Anorexia
* Hypoglycemia
* Hyperpigmentation
* Intolerance to stress