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lifesci 7c > Excretory System > Flashcards

Excretory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the process by which water moves from regions of high water concentration → low water concentration

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2
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

the total solute concentration within a specific volume of solvent

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3
Q

What is the concentration of a hypertonic solution?

A

high solute
low water

cells become dehydrated and shrivel up

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4
Q

What nitrogenous waste is produced by aquatic organisms?

A

ammonia

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4
Q

What is the concentration of a hypotonic solution?

A

low solute
high water

cells swell and burst

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4
Q

What nitrogenous waste is produced by mammals, amphibians, sharks, and some fish?

A

urea

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4
Q

What is the concentration of an isotonic solution?

A

equal solutes
equal water

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5
Q

What nitrogenous waste is produced by birds, insects, and reptiles?

A

uric acid

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5
Q

What kind of directional system is the loop of Henle characterized by?

A

countercurrent flow

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6
Q

In what order does the excretory system work?

A

kidney → ureter → bladder → urethra

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7
Q

What are the two functions of the excretory system?

A
  1. maintain osmotic balance
  2. remove metabolic waste
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8
Q

In what order does filtrate pass thru the nephron?

A

renal artery
↓
glomerulus
↓
Bowman’s capsule
↓
proximal tubule
↓
loop of Henle
↓
distal tubule
↓
collecting ducts

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9
Q

What does secretion mean?

A

solutes are excreted from the blood into the nephron

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10
Q

What does reabsorption mean?

A

solutes are excreted from the nephron back into the blood

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11
Q

What happens during glomerular filtration?

A
  1. blood enters kidney thru renal artery
  2. fluid from blood in glomerulus enters into the Bowman’s capsule
  3. fluid is processed as filtrate
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12
Q

What happens in the proximal tubule during tubule reabsorption/secretion?

A
  1. NaCl, H2O, and other solutes are reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid
  2. H+ and ammonium are secreted into filtrate
13
Q

What happens in the descending loop of Henle during tubule reabsorption/secretion?

A

water is reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid

14
Q

What happens in the ascending loop of Henle during tubule reabsorption/secretion?

A

NaCl is reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid

15
Q

What happens in the distal tubule during tubule reabsorption/secretion?

A
  1. H+, ammonium, and potassium are secreted into filtrate
  2. NaCl, H2O, and bicarbonate are reabsorbed into interstitial fluid
16
Q

What hormone plays a role in water conservation during urine production?

A

ADH

17
Q

If a person is ____, ADH will not be released.

A

hydrated

18
Q

If a person is ____, ADH will be released.

A

dehydrated

19
Q

What happens when ADH is released?

A

Water is reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid and water is retained in the body

20
Q

What happens when ADH is not released?

A

Water is retained within the filtrate and withheld from the body

21
Q

When the blood has high osmolarity:
____ solutes ____ water
↑ ____ secretion
↑ ____ reabsorption

A

↑ solutes ↓ water
↑ salt secretion
↑ water reabsorption

22
Q

When the blood has low osmolarity:
____ solutes ____ water
↑ ____ secretion
↑ ____ reabsorption

A

↓ solutes ↑ water
↑ water secretion
↑ salt reabsorption

23
Q

What is the purpose of the loop of Henle?

A

to create a concentration gradient for water and solute balance

24
Q

How is sodium homeostasis maintained when blood pressure is high?

A

the blood loses excess ions and water
↓ blood volume
↓ blood pressure

25
Q

How is sodium homeostasis maintained when blood pressure is low?

A

the blood retains ions and water
↑ blood volume
↑ blood pressure

26
Q

ANP ____ sodium reabsorption in collecting ducts

A

decreases

27
Q

Aldosterone ____ sodium reabsorption in collecting ducts

A

increases

28
Q

When blood pressure is high, ____ levels increase

A

ANP

29
Q

When blood pressure is low, ____ levels decrease

A

aldosterone

lifesci 7c (8 decks)

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