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NPLQ > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is asphyxia and why might it occur

A

suffocation

-tongue blocks airway
-forign object
-strangling
-drowning
-mouth and nose covered

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2
Q

what is cardiac arrest

A

the heart has stopped pumping blood around the body

may need CPR

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3
Q

how do you manage an air way

A

head tilt chin lift

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4
Q

How far do you push down in CPR on an adult and at what bpm

A

5-6cm
100-120bpm

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5
Q

how far do you push down on a baby and child in CPR

A

1/3 of its depth

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6
Q

Is cpr the same for adults and children

A

no

Adult: 2 hands

child: 5 rescue breaths and one hand

baby; 5 rescue breaths and two fingers (under one year)

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7
Q

how often dhould you change the person doing CPR

A

2 minutes

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8
Q

after drowning, they need cpr, how many rescue breaths

A

5

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9
Q

What are some problems with cpr

A

-people with a tracheostomy
-being sick
-air in stomach
-broken ribs
-fluid in the airway

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10
Q

if cpr is required on a spinal what do ypou do

A

get someone to support the head

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11
Q

What are the priorities of first aid? (PAPP)

A

Preserve life
Alleviate suffering
Prevent the situation from getting worse
Promote casualty recovery

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12
Q

What might you wear when dealing with first aid?

A

Gloves

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13
Q

What must you know and get before administering first aid?

A

History
symptoms
signs
consent

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14
Q

How may we assess a casualty?

A

primary survey
DR ABC
if not, move on

secondary survey

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15
Q

what can cause loss of consciousness

A

reduced supply of blood to the brain; faint, heart attack

head injury
extreme temps
seizures

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16
Q

symptoms, Signs and treatment of unconsciousness

A

symptoms; unresponsive

signs: drowsy, confusion

treatment: primary survey, treat any bleeding, secondary survey, loosen clothing, protect from wet or cold, recovery position, dont give food or drink

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17
Q

symptoms, signs, and treatment of heart attack

A

symptoms; dizzy, nausea, crushing chest pain, tingling in left arm may spread to jaw, irregular pulse, impending doom, anxiety

signs: pale grey skin, coughing, blue lips/skin, sweaty, difficulty breathing, collapse, clutching chest

treatment; 999, half sitting position, loosen tight clothing, any meds they take, reassure, prepared for cpr

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18
Q

why does a heart attack happen

A

interruption in the blood supply, heart starved of oxygen

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19
Q

why does shock occur

A

failure of circulation, inadequate blood supply to organs

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20
Q

symptoms, signs, and treatment of shock

A

symptoms: dizzy, confused, disorientated, thirst

signs; pale cold and clammy skin, blue lips, weak rapid pulse, rapid shallow breathing, unconsiciousness

treatment: lie down, legs raised, loosen clothing, keep warm, no food or drink, 999

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21
Q

symptoms, signs, and treatment for asthma attacks

A

symptoms: breathing difficulties

signs; anxiety, difficulty speaking, plae clammy blue lips

treatment: reassure, comfortable sitting position, encourage to use their medication, remove from the cause/room, dont take outside in cold air

999 if gets worse, not normal

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22
Q

What is anaphylaxis? what are its. triggars?

A

Serious allergic reaction

triggars:
foods
medicines
insect stings
latex

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23
Q

Symptoms and signs of anaphylaxis

A

swollen tongue
hoarse voice
difficulty swallowing
noisy breathing
wheeze
cough
abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
anaphylactic shock
swelling of hands and feet
red itchy rash
anxiety

may cause problems to airway

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24
Q

what is the treatment for anaphylaxis

A

-ask if they have an auto-injector
-casualty should administer own medicine
-call 999
-sit up to aid breathing
-if faint, lay down and raise legs
-monitor breathing, perform cpr if required

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25
Q

what is hyperventilation

A

excessive breathing, possibly a result of a panic attack

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26
Q

symptoms signs and treatment of hyperventilation

A

symptoms: dizzy, cramps in hands and feet, pins and needles, tight chest, panic, rapid pulse

signs: unnaturally deep breathing, flushed skin

treatment: move to quiet area, reassure but be firm, take slow breaths through nose, small sips of water, may need 999

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27
Q

how do you apply a dressing or bandage

A

-to prenvent infection, control bleeding, absorb discharge

-clean wound
-apply dressing directly
-check circulation
-apply pressure around foreign body if one, not on it

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28
Q

where can bleeding come from and what will it look like

A

capillaries- trickle out
veins- ooze out
artery- spurt out (severe)

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29
Q

what are minor injuries (bleeding) and treatment

A

Small cuts: clean water, dry, sterile dressing

graze: clean water, dry, sterile dressing

bruises: ice pack for no longer than 20 minutes, reduces swelling

30
Q

Symptoms signs and treatment of external bleeding

A

symptoms: pain, shock, thirst

signs: blood

treatment: wear gloves, comfortable position, examine for foreign objects, apply direct pressure, apply dressing, may need shock treatment

if foreign object, do not remove, build up dressings around it, pressure

31
Q

symptoms signs and treatment of internal bleeding

A

symptoms; skin is pale cold and clammy, confusion, collapse, bruising, swelling, shock, thirst, weak rapid pulse

treatment: 999, lie casualty down, treat for shock

32
Q

varicose vein bleed treatment

A

lie down, firm direct pressure, dressing, 999

33
Q

treatment for amputation:

A

apply pressure, dressing

-wrap amputated part in cling film, a cloth, or plastic bag, ice pack

34
Q

treatment for nose bleed

A

sit down, head tilt forward, breath through mouth, apply pressure to soft tissue below bridge, try not to speak swallow cough or sniff, for 10 minutes, more than 30 mins 999

35
Q

teatment for splinters

A

gloves, clean area, tweezers as close to skin as possible, pull same direction as entered, squeeze out blood, cover with dressing

36
Q

what are the types of burns?

A

-dry heat (hot surface, fire)
-wet heat
-chmeical
-eletrical
-sunburn

37
Q

s, s and t for burns

A

symptoms: pain, shock, breathing difficulties

signs: blistering, swelling, redness, clear fluid, shock

treatment: flood with cool water for 20 mins, do not remove clothimg, remove rings or jewellry as swelling may occur,cover with non adehesive like cling film

999 if: child or elderly, severe, inhaled fumes, face hands feet or genitals

38
Q

severity of burns:

A

superficial- outer layer
partial thickness- outer layer and dermis
full thickness: all layers

depth, location, size, cause depend severity

39
Q

treatment for sunburn

A

shade, sips of cold wtaer, coll burn with water, 999

40
Q

s, s and tr of electric shocks

A

symp: pain, shock

signs: jolt or jump, burns, shock, unconsciousness, breathing

treatment: isolate power, do not touch casualty or wet until isolated, 999, primary survey, treat burns, shock, recovery position

41
Q

types of fractures

A

open; sticks out skin
closed; skin not broken, bruising, swelling
complicated: injury to major blood vessels, brain, lungs
greenstick: confused with sprains, normally in children

42
Q

trestment of fractures

A

keep in positioned found in, immobilisation like support limbs, cover exposed wound with sterile dressing, apply pressure

43
Q

dislocation treat

A

comfortable position, support, 999

44
Q

treatment for sprain or strain

A

rice
rest
ice
comfortable
elevation

45
Q

difference between sprain and strain

A

sprain: joints, ligaments hab=ve been wrentched

strain: muscles are over stretched

46
Q

treatment of cramp:

A

support, stretch, massage, rest

47
Q

difference between concussion and compression

A

concussion: altered level of consciousness, confused

compression: potentially fatal condition, skull fracture or bleed on the brain

48
Q

s s abd t of head injuries

A

symp: dizzy, confused, vomitiing, memory loss, headache, seizures

signs; change in skin colour, breathing, dialated pupils, fluid coming fromn ear or nose, soft area in skull

treatment: 999, lie down, neck and body in line, recovery position if unconscious

49
Q

s s and t of a penatrating chest injury

A

symp`; difficult painfil breathing

signs: air being sucked in, blue/grey skin colour, coughed up blood,

treatment; 999, comfortable position, lean towards the injured side, dont cover wound,

50
Q

s s and t of flail chest (multiple broken ribs)

A

symp`; painful shallow brething, symptoms of fracture

signs: paradoxial chest moverments, flail section moves in when exhales

ttreatmentL: 999, comfortable, lean to injured side, support arm on injured side

51
Q

treatment for fractured ribs:

A

sit down, support arm on injured side, hospital

52
Q

s s and t for eye injuries

A

symp: itchy, pain, impaired vision

signs`; eye waters, redness swelling, cant open eye

tretment: dont rub eye, spread open wityh finger and thumb, examine, wash out foreign objects water runs away from good eye, appy pad, close good eye too

dont remove foreign body if in coloured part or embedded

53
Q

treatmwnt of dental injuries

A

chipped- broken part in cows milk, rinse mouth with warm water

knocked out- pick up by crown and rinse under cold water for 10 secs, place back in socket, if not wrap in cling film or cow milk

54
Q

why might someone faint

A

injury, illness, fatigue, hot and stuffy, long periods of standing dtill

55
Q

s s and t of fainting

A

symp; nausea, blurred vision, black spots in eyes

signs: pale, sweat, clammy, weak pulse

treatment; about to: breathe deep and slow, lay down and raise legs, sips of water

already fainted: lay and raise legs, check airway, breathing normally, recovery position

56
Q

what is a stroke

A

blood clot in brain

57
Q

s s of stroke

A

FAST
face- drooped?
arms- raise both arms?
speech- clearly?
time- 999

58
Q

treatment of a stroke

A

999, comfortable, lay doen with head and shoulders slightly raised, reassure, monitor, unconscious then put in recovery position

59
Q

3 types of poisoning

A

drug abuse
alcohol abuse
release of chemicals or gases

60
Q

s s and t of poisoning

A

symp- difficulty breathing, dizzy, nausea, abdominal pain, confusion, head ache

signs- evidence of poisonus substance
unusual smell
vomiting
pale

treatment- safe place, remove cause, rinse mouth out sips of water or milk, 999, if unconscious recovery poistion, cpr required?

61
Q

gas leak?

A

999, EAP, do not rescue in closed spaces unless unless breathing apparatus

62
Q

s s and t of inscet bites and stings

A

symp- pain

signs- swelling, redness

treatment- brush sting out away from skin using a finger nail or credit card, dont use tweezers
apply cold compress
stings in mouth, suck ice, 999
possibly treatment for anaphylactic shock

63
Q

what are the 2 conditions of diabetes

A

hypoglycaemia- too little sugar
hyperglycaemia- too much sugar

64
Q

s s and t for hypoglycaemia

A

symp- loss of conc, rapid pulse, faint, trembling of limbs

signs- pale skin, sweating, like drunk

treatment- sit down amd give a sugary drink or glucose tablets

if unconscious, 999, monitor brething

65
Q

s and t of a seizure

A

signs- collapse, back may arch, lips blue, jerking movements, eyes roll

treatment-
in water: keep face out of water, dont let heard hit pool side, onec sleep remove from pool and they may sleep, monitor them

out of water- remove objects that could cause injury, protect head, loosen clothing, time

999 if- longer than 5 min, has a 2nd seizure, 1st ever one, does not wake up after ten minutes

66
Q

s s and t of ansence seizures

A

symp- jerking, plucking clothes, swallowing repeatedly lip smacking, dazed

treatment- head above water, away from danger, quiet place, wait until they are fully alert

67
Q

s s and t of heat exhaustion

A

symp- nausea, loss of appetite, headache, dizzy, muscle cramp

signs- sweating, clammy pale skin

tratment- cool place, sip water, lie down raise legs, cool skin

68
Q

s s and t of hypothermia

A

symp- cold, slow pulse, tired

signs- shivering, slurred speech, confusion, pale cold skin

treatment- 999 gentle, warm place, remove wet clothing, comfortable, warm blankets, warm drink

69
Q

secondary surevey key points

A

-consent, glove, any pain

check for bleeding, bruising, swelling, bones, deformity, casualty reation, pain

head, mouth, neck,chest, arms, abdomen, pelvis (dont rock) legs, feet

70
Q
A
71
Q

what is the chain of survival

A

Early recognition
Early CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
Early Defibrillation
Post resuscitation care

72
Q

What are the 2 slings

A

support
elevation

NPLQ (3 decks)

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