Risk Factor - Genetics Flashcards
1
Q
Outline Genetics as a risk factor (2 points)
A
- Genetic factors have been implicated in creating a genetic vulnerability in developing addictions
- This can help explain why some become addicted after sampling, yet some can sample without developing an addiction
2
Q
Explain the A1DRD2 gene’s influence (2 points)
A
Comings et al (1996)
- Pathological gamblers may inherit a faulty A1DRD2 gene from that reduces number of dopamine receptors in pleasure centres within the limbic system
- This means individuals with this variant are less sensitive to rewards & may seek out more stimulating activities like gambling to compensate
3
Q
Explain the Reward Deficiency Syndrome as an influence (2 points)
A
Blum et al (1996)
- Having a faulty A1DRD2 gene is called the reward deficiency syndrome and it creates a genetic vulnerability for many compulsive disorders
- E.G. 69% of a sample of alcohol dependent users and 51% of a sample of cocaine dependent users had this genetic variant
4
Q
Strength Outline Shields et al’s (1962) study (1 point)
A
- Examined concordance between 42 twin pairs that were reared apart, and 33 pairs were identical in their smoking habits, showing genetic similarity is a major factor in starting to smoke
5
Q
Weakness Outline Blum et al.’s (1996) study into the determinism of the role of genetics (2 points)
A
- Despite need for nomothetic laws, role of genetics is overly deterministic - implies we have no free will if we possess the faulty genetic traits
- Blum + A1DRD2 variant. This variant is not present in all cases of addictions and is common in the normal population (up to 20%)
6
Q
Strength Outline how the Diathesis-stress account can be used for a view on addictions (2 points)
A
- DIATHESIS = genetic vulnerability (e.g. A1DRD2 variant) PLUS, STRESS = poor role models / high levels of stress = addiction
- Genetic explanation could contribute to MORE COMPREHENSIVE / HOLISTIC account
