Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

4 Common Types of Cancers

A
  1. Carcinoma:
    -from epithelial tissue (e.g. skin, stomach, breast, liver, kidney)
    -grow locally–>invad lymphatic–>Met
    -grow more quickly than sarcomas
  2. Sarcoma:
    -from connective tissue, bone and muscle
    -grow+invade locally–>late Met
    -grow slowly but relentless
  3. Lymphoma
    -from lymph node
    Hodgkin’s disease - painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue–>proliferation of lymph nodes in neck and axilla

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma - many types, some rapid growing and some slow growing

  1. Leukemias and myeloma
    - Affect blood and blood-forming organs (bone marrow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

-Malignant bone-forming tumor
-X-ray: moth-eaten appearance
-limb salvage surgery/amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin cancer

A
  • Asymmetry
  • Border (diffuse or non-distinct borders)
  • Colour (bright, black or mixed)
  • Diameter (>6mm)
  • Evolving (changing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stages of cancer

A

Stage 0 = cancer in situ

Stage 1 = cancer is small and has not extended into surrounding tissue

Stage 2-3 = cancer has extended into surrounding tissue

Stage 4 = cancer has spread to different organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemotherapy side effect

A
  • fatigue
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • cardiotoxicity
  • myalgia
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • bone marrow depression

Cytotoxic precautions
–>contact precautions
- cytotoxic: excreted in urine
- can be absorbed through the skin
- in place for 48 hours after administration of the drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Post-mastectomy consideration

A
  1. Regain pain free ROM of shoulder
    –>early post op ex. in day 1!!
  2. Prevention and reduction of edema (lymphedema)

PT Rx:
- light exercise–>more drainage
- Wrapping–>tightest in distal
- manual lymph drainage: CI: skin infection, active cancer, blood clots/CHF, area post radiation
-pneumatic compression
-compression garments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reduce the risk of developing Lymphedema

A

Protect arm/leg
- Shave with an electric razor
- avoid inserting needles and vaccinations in the affected limb

Rest arm or leg while recovering
- Avoid any strenuous activity
- no heavy lifting, intense exercise

Avoid heat on arm or leg
- No hot tubs or saunas
- No heat therapy to limb

Elevate arm/leg
- elevate the affected limb above heart level when possible

Avoid tight clothing
- Avoid anything that could constrict the limb (e.g. blood pressure cuff; tight band of clothing)

Keep limb clean
- Don’t go barefoot; wash hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly