Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
Definition by lab test
Normal = 100 mg/dL
Impaired Fasting plasma glucose
= 5.6 mmol/L or 115mg/dL
Diabetes
= >7 mmol/L or >126mg/dL
Type 1 vs Type 2 DM
Type 1:
- Insulin-dependent
- Juvenile onset
- Immune system problem–>Loss of pancreatic beta cell function
Type 2:
- Insulin resistant
- Adult onset (usually)
- Caused by poor response of peripheral tissues to insulin
Hypoglycemia S/S, ways to avoid, treatment
S/S:
- dizziness, nausea
- weakness, unsteady gait/incoordination
- confusion, fainting
sweating profusely (sweating profusely rules out orthostatic hypotension) - cold/clammy/sweaty skin, pallor.
Treatment:
- 15g of sugar, wait 15 min and re-treat as necessary
Avoid:
exercising during peak period of insulin activity (2-4 hours after injection)
Hyperglycemia S/S
- Blurred vision
- Rapid, shallow pulse
- Fatigue, weakness
- polydipsia (excessive thirst)
- polyuria (frequent urination)
- acetone breath
Ketoacidosis
Mainly in Type 1 DM (Type 2 can too)
Cause:
- no insulin–>no glucose absorption by muscle/other tissue
- liver break down fat for energy–>ketone produced too quickly–>pH drop
S/S:
lethargy
vomiting
abdominal pain
weakness
confusion
acetone breath
Exercise consideration
Avoid exercise at night–>may go sleep and slip into hypoglycemic coma
- Talk to medical doctor about insulin levels for exercise
- Have snack before exercise (have raisins/juice available to boost sugar levels if necessary).
- Monitor blood sugar levels pre, during, and post exercise.