Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

Definition by lab test

A

Normal = 100 mg/dL

Impaired Fasting plasma glucose
= 5.6 mmol/L or 115mg/dL

Diabetes
= >7 mmol/L or >126mg/dL

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2
Q

Type 1 vs Type 2 DM

A

Type 1:
- Insulin-dependent
- Juvenile onset
- Immune system problem–>Loss of pancreatic beta cell function

Type 2:
- Insulin resistant
- Adult onset (usually)
- Caused by poor response of peripheral tissues to insulin

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3
Q

Hypoglycemia S/S, ways to avoid, treatment

A

S/S:

  • dizziness, nausea
  • weakness, unsteady gait/incoordination
  • confusion, fainting
    sweating profusely (sweating profusely rules out orthostatic hypotension)
  • cold/clammy/sweaty skin, pallor.

Treatment:
- 15g of sugar, wait 15 min and re-treat as necessary

Avoid:
exercising during peak period of insulin activity (2-4 hours after injection)

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4
Q

Hyperglycemia S/S

A
  • Blurred vision
  • Rapid, shallow pulse
  • Fatigue, weakness
  • polydipsia (excessive thirst)
  • polyuria (frequent urination)
  • acetone breath
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5
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Mainly in Type 1 DM (Type 2 can too)

Cause:
- no insulin–>no glucose absorption by muscle/other tissue
- liver break down fat for energy–>ketone produced too quickly–>pH drop

S/S:
lethargy
vomiting
abdominal pain
weakness
confusion
acetone breath

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6
Q

Exercise consideration

A

Avoid exercise at night–>may go sleep and slip into hypoglycemic coma

  • Talk to medical doctor about insulin levels for exercise
  • Have snack before exercise (have raisins/juice available to boost sugar levels if necessary).
  • Monitor blood sugar levels pre, during, and post exercise.
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