Exercise Adherence and behaviours

Question 1

What reasons do people exercise

Answer 1

Weight loss from exercise combined with good eating habits

Question 2

Another health reason and fact

Answer 2

Reduced risk of CPD, in fact the same reduction as if to give up smoking

Question 3

Another health reason

Answer 3

Reduction in high blood pressure which is a risk factor leading to CPD

Question 4

Any psychological reasons to exercise

Answer 4

Reduction in stress and anxiety and depression may reduce

Question 5

What is a really good reason besides for health to exercise

Answer 5

Enjoyment and happiness

Question 6

Summarise why exercise can prevent sedentary behaviour

Answer 6

For physiological and psychological reasons.

Question 7

Any other good reasons not mentions already

Answer 7

Social aspect and improved self esteem

Question 8

Reasons for not exercising

Answer 8

No motivation, lack of time and lack of energy

Question 9

What key point regarding barriers to exercise

Answer 9

Research shows that almost ALL BARRIERS are within individuals control

Question 10

What barriers are out of control of individuals

Answer 10

Environmental factors

Question 11

What (old) age differences NOT exercisING have been found

Answer 11

Older people use fear of injury , bad health, and lack of sporty type as reasons(internal).

Question 12

What(adolescents) reasons for not exercising

Answer 12

Similar to older adults but also parents wanting them to focus on academic study as priority

Question 13

Women cited……reasons for not adhering to exercise

Answer 13

Internal reasons like “lack of discipline”

Question 14

And finally another reason people exercise is…

Answer 14

Social aspects

Question 15

Key point regards using time as a reason for not exercising is

Answer 15

It is a perceived reason rather than a real reason an excuse if you like and identify a persons priorities

Question 16

What is the term for a total lack of exercise

Answer 16

sedentary behaviour

Question 17

What type of personality trait may influence increased physical activity

Answer 17

High extraversion types

Question 18

What general ideas have been tried to increase ex/pa and decrease sedentary behaviour

Answer 18

Walk, Cycle to work. Limit watching tv, standing at work longer. using stairs instead of lifts

Question 19

What 3 variables are most often researched in correlation with exercise/pa

Answer 19

%body fat, gender and obesity

Question 20

What has research demonstrate regards PA and Sedentary behaviour

Answer 20

Promotion of light-intensity PA may be a good way to reduce sedentary behaviour

Question 21

How many according to research drop out of exercise routines within 6 months

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

Reasons for not continuing exercise program

Answer 22

Psychological not considered
Over restrictive programs
To challenge not progressive
No consideration for empowerment

Question 23

What key recommendation for fitness coaches to promote activity

Answer 23

Scientific approach with up to date sound proven advice and guidance

Question 24

What is the Health Belief Model?

Answer 24

First designed for disease, not exercise. Aims to highlight the health benefits and costs of not participating. Pros outweigh the cons

Question 25

What is Theory of Planned Behaviour

Answer 25

Intentions are the best predictors. BUT not of actual adherence. SELL don’t tell may help.
Perceptions of ability will influence participation

Question 26

Explain Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 26

Bandura. Personal, behavioural and environmental factors considered. Self Efficacy most important belief.

Question 26

SEG with middle aged and older exercises

Answer 26

Self Efficacy most important.

Question 27

If there is a relapse what according to SEG is most important

Answer 27

Regaining Self Efficacy

Question 28

Briefly highlight the Self Determination Theory

Answer 28

Autonomy, relatedness, and competence are most important to promote exercise/pa. Intrinsic motivation increases appose to extrinsic which results in improvements

Question 29

Explain PAPA initiative related to SDT

Answer 29

Training of coaches to use SDT principles when delivering.

Question 30

What are the 6 stages of the Transtheoretical Model TTM

Answer 30

Pre-contemplation Contemplation, Planning, Action, Maintenance and Termination

Question 31

How long according to research are maintenance and termination

Answer 31

6 months and 5 years but there is also contrary research

Question 32

What is the cognitive key to Banduras theory

Answer 32

Self efficacy

Question 33

Explain Banduras Theory of Self Efficacy

Answer 33

Belief(SE) in ability to meet goal most important. More belief more challenging goals.

Question 34

What are 3 cognitive expectations processes related to Banduras theory of self efficacy

Answer 34

SE expectation, Outcome expectation and Value of outcome

Question 35

How can Self Efficacy be developed according to Banduras self efficacy theory

Answer 35

Past achievement, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, interpretation of physiological or psychological arousal, stress levels

Question 36

Which of Banduras SE expectations is strongest

Answer 36

Performance past achievements offer the strongest influence (mastery)

Question 37

Where did the theory of Planned Behaviour evolve from

Answer 37

Theory of Reasoned action

Question 38

What is at the heart of TPB

Answer 38

Intention

Question 39

What are the constructs of TPB

Answer 39

attitude, subjective norm and perceived control(autonomy)

Question 40

These 3 constructs are broken down further how?

Answer 40

Subjective norm - Injunctive/descriptive.
Attitude-affective/instrumental.
Perceived control- control beliefs. perceived power

Question 41

How does attitude affect behavioural change

Answer 41

If you are positive or negative it will impact likelihood of performing