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Brandy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ABV requirement for distillation of brandy in the US?

A

Less than 95% ABV

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2
Q

What is the US definition of brandy?

A

A distilled spirit produced using the fermented juice, mash, or wine of fruit (or the residue thereof)

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3
Q

What is the ABV requirement for bottling brandy in the US?

A

No less than 40% ABV

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4
Q

What are some categories of brandy defined by the US Standards of Identity?

A

Grape brandy
Fruit brandy
Pomace brandy
Neutral brandy

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5
Q

What is the only type of brandy allowed to be labeled simply as brandy (without a qualifier name) in the US?

A

Grape brandy

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6
Q

What percentage of a grape brandy may be grape pomace or lees in the US?

A

Up to 30%

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7
Q

In the US, what term must be on a bottle of grape brandy (preceding the term brandy) that has not undergone at least two years of oak aging?

A

“Immature” or “Unaged”

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8
Q

What percentage of fruit brandy may be fruit pomace or lees in the US?

A

Up to 30%

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9
Q

What must appear on a label before the term brandy for fruit brandy in the US?

A

The name of the fruit.

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10
Q

What is another name for apple brandy?

A

Applejack

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11
Q

What is the distillation requirements in the US for neutral brandy?

A

Must be distilled at more than 170 proof.

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12
Q

What is the definition of brandy in the EU?

A

A spirit distilled from grape wine. (Other wine spirits can be added)

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13
Q

What is the ABV requirement for distillation of brandy in the EU?

A

Must be distilled at a maximum of 94.8% ABV

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14
Q

What is the maximum ABV for brandy in the EU before bottling?

A

47.4% ABV

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15
Q

What are the aging requirements for brandy in the EU?

A

Must be matured for at least one year in any type of oak, or for no less than 6 months in small oak barrels.

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16
Q

What is the minimum ABV for bottling brandy in the EU?

A

Not less than 36% ABV

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17
Q

What is a synonym for brandy in the EU?

A

Weinbrand

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18
Q

May brandy be flavored in the EU?

A

No, except for certain traditional production methods.

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19
Q

May caramel coloring be added to brandy in the EU?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is a fruit spirit in the EU?

A

Commonly known as fruit brandy, made from fruits like plums, apples, pears, raspberries, blackberries, apricots, peaches, cherries, or other fruits.

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21
Q

Do fruit spirits in the EU need to be aged?

A

No

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22
Q

What is the required ABV for distillation of fruit spirits in the EU?

A

Must be distilled at less than 86% ABV

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23
Q

May fruit spirits in the EU be flavored?

A

No

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24
Q

What is the bottling ABV required for fruit spirits in the EU?

A

Must be bottled at a minimum of 37.5% ABV

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25
Q

What is another name for fruit spirit in the EU?

A

Wasser (with the name of the fruit preceding - eg kirschwasser)

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26
Q

What are some fruit names that may replace the word spirit on a label in the EU?

A

Mirabelle
Quetsch
Williams

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27
Q

What is Poire Williams?

A

A pear spirit produced using the Williams, or Bartlett, variety.

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28
Q

What the definition in the EU for unaged grape brandy?

A

Wine spirits

29
Q

What is the definition of EU pomace brandy in the EU?

A

Grape marc spirit or Fruit marc spirit

30
Q

Why and when was wine first distilled?

A

In the 16th century, to concentrate the wine for shipment to Holland for task and transport reasons.

31
Q

What was the original Dutch term for brandy?

A

Brandewijn (burnt wine)

32
Q

What are some benefits of copper stills over stainless?

A

They are easier to manipulate into still shapes, and during the vapor stage, promote chemical reactions that produce new aroma compounds.

33
Q

What are some advantages of stainless over copper stills?

A

Stainless lasts longer and provides a cleaner, more consistent distillate.

34
Q

What is the usual ABV of the base fermented wine or fruit juice in brandy production?

A

6-10% ABV

35
Q

Are most fruit and pomace brandies aged or not? Why?

A

Most fruit and pomace brandies are not aged and kept out of wood. Allows the full flavor of the base material to show, and keeps the spirit colorless.

36
Q

What is the full name of cognac?

A

eau-de-vie de Cognac
eau-de-vie des Charentes

37
Q

When were the boundaries of Cognac first delimited by law?

A

1909

38
Q

What are the six crus of Cognac?

A

Grande Champagne
Petite Champagne
Borderies
Fin Bois
Bons Bois
Bois Ordinaires

39
Q

Which growing districts in Cognac have the highest amounts of chalk in the soil?

A

Grande Champagne
Petite Champagne

40
Q

What does bois mean?

A

Forest

41
Q

What is the origin of the term Borderies related to Cognac?

A

In the cognac area, it refers to sharecroppers’ farms that used to be located in the area now referred to as Borderies..

42
Q

What is the name of the river that flows through the Cognac region?

A

The Charente.

43
Q

What is the soil like in Grande Champagne?

A

Well-drained chalk soil layered over limestone and sandstone bedrock.

44
Q

What two growing districts are considered the highest in quality in Cognac?

A

Grande Champagne (highest)
Petite Champagne (second)

45
Q

Which is larger, Grande Champagne or Petite Champagne?

A

Petite Champagne

46
Q

Describe Grande Champagne Cognac.

A

Intense and elegant, with fruity and floral aromas.

47
Q

Which growing area of Cognac produces cognac that may take twenty to thirty years to mature?

A

Grande Champagne.

48
Q

What percentage of Cognac is produced in Petite Champagne?

A

Nearly 22% - second highest plantings in region.

49
Q

Which Cognac growing regions are entirely south of the Charente River?

A

Grand Champagne and Petite Champagne

50
Q

Which Cognac growing region is located to the north of the Charente River?

A

Borderies.

51
Q

Which Cognac growing region is the smallest geographically?

A

Borderies

52
Q

What is the soil like in Borderies?

A

Predominantly clay with some chalk.

53
Q

In which Cognac growing region do the grapes ripen quickest (due to more sunshine)?

A

Borderies

54
Q

Describe Cognacs produced from grapes in the Borderies region.

A

They can be quite aromatic and may provide weight and floral notes when added to a blend.

55
Q

Which growing area in Cognac accounts for the most plantings, and what percentage of grapes used for Cognac is planted in the region?

A

Fins Bois
40%

56
Q

Describe Fins Bois.

A

Wide diversity of soils, maritime climate. Produces brandies that are fruity and well-balanced and mature within 15 years.

57
Q

Where is Fins Bois?

A

It encircles Grande and Petite Champagne as well as Borderies.

57
Q

Where is Bon Bois?

A

It surrounds the Fins Bois in a large loop.

57
Q

What percentage of Bon Bois is planted to grapes for use in Cognac?

A

5%

58
Q

What is the soil type of Bon Bois?

A

Mostly heavy clay, some patches of chalk and limestone, especially near Petite Champagne.

59
Q

How are the grapes of Bon Bois described?

A

Not as ordinary as Bois Ordinaires and not as fine as Fins Bois.

60
Q

What is the westernmost growing region in Cognac?

A

Bois Ordinaires.

61
Q

What is another name from Bois Ordinaires?

A

Bois a Terroirs.

62
Q

Describe the brandies from Bois Ordinaires.

A

Heavier, coarser, and less preferred for creating quality cognac.

63
Q

What is the primary grape used in Cognac?

A

Ugni Blanc

64
Q

What is Ugni Blanc also known as in the Cognac region?

A

Saint Emilion

65
Q

What is Ugni Blanc known as in Italy?

A

Trebbiano Toscano

66
Q

What percentage of the standard base wine used for cognac is Ugni Blanc?

A

90%

67
Q
A

CSS (12 decks)

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