Lecture 6 part3 and lecture 7

Question 1

what are nucleic acids

Answer 1

polymeric molecules composed of nucleotides

Question 2

what is the structure of a nucleotide

Answer 2

phosphate group, sugar (pentose), nitrogenous base

Question 3

nucleotides contain either ____ or ________

Answer 3

ribose or deoxyribose (both sugars)

Question 4

deoxyribose

Answer 4

DNA (has H @2’)

Question 5

ribose

Answer 5

RNA (has OH @2’)

Question 6

what is ribose also in

Answer 6

ATP used as chemical energy

Question 7

what are the five nitrogenous bases in nucleotides

Answer 7

cytosine, thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine

Question 8

what is the max number of phosphate groups linked together

Answer 8

3

Question 9

what can nucleotides polymerize to form

Answer 9

nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

Question 10

what type of bond joins together nucleotides

Answer 10

phosphodiester

Question 11

function of nucleic acids

Answer 11

-storage or genetic information
-transmission of genetic information
-expression of genetic information

Question 12

what is nucleotides function in chemical energy

Answer 12

trasnfer

Question 13

nucleotides cycle with ATP and ADP

Answer 13

ATP -> ADP
hydrolysis: ATP split = release energy

ADP-> ATP
dehydration: ATP put back together (req E)

negative charges are not stable, but with water (hydrolysis rxn) ATP splits into ADP and free phosphate, which releases energy and can power chem rxns

Question 14

what does NADPH do

Answer 14

transfer high electron in photosynthesis

Question 15

what does coenzyme A (CoA) have an important role in

Answer 15

aerobic respiration - process by which most ATP is made in the cell

Question 16

nucleotides are very important for what (think bioenergetics)

Answer 16

transfer of energy

Question 17

what kind of changes can denature a protein

Answer 17

Change in a protein environment can disrupt the molecular interactions that are critical for its structure and function

Question 18

is renaturation rare

Answer 18

yes under most conditions

Question 19

do molecular chaperones fold the proteins

Answer 19

no they help the proteins fold properly

Question 20

what do molecular chaperones prevent

Answer 20

interference in the folding process

Question 21

why do chaperones tend to hide the hydrophobic regions

Answer 21

so they don’t aggregate with other hydrophobic regions or molecules

Question 22

what else do molecular chaperones do besides help proteins fold properly

Answer 22

keep the proteins folded and remove old, damaged and misfolded protein

Question 23

what are chaperones shaped like

Answer 23

barrels

Question 24

what can chaperones block

Answer 24

environmental stressors like heat that can interfere with protein