lecture 12 thermodynamics part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

thermodynamics

A

study of energy and its various forms and transformation of energy from one form to another

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2
Q

energy

A

ability to do work or cause some sort of change or rearrange collection of matter (at molecular level)

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3
Q

what is done when energy is used

A

work

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4
Q

what do all organisms (and their cells) need to live

A

energy

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5
Q

what are a few examples of how organisms use energy

A

-for muscle contraction
-active transport + establish ion gradient across cells
-make new biomolecules in chem rxns

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6
Q

what do all chem rxns inolve

A

energy transformation

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7
Q

some chem rxns ___ energy to take place and others ______ energy when they occure

A

req; release

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8
Q

what are all energy trasnformtions governed by

A

1st and 2nd law of thermodyan,ocs

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9
Q

review metabolic path way map

-dot is:
-line is:

A

-dot is a moleq
-a line is a biochem rxn taking place

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10
Q

1st law of thermodyanmics

A

states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another

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11
Q

within universe energy = _______

A

constant

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12
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

when energy is transformed or transferred the amount of usable energy available to do work is less than the original amount

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13
Q

is an energy transformation 100% efficient

A

no

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14
Q

how is energy usually “lost”

A

as heat to the environment

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15
Q

what does an energy transformation lead to an increase and decrease of

A

decrease of usable energy and increase in unusable energy

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16
Q

energy transformations lead to increase in _____

A

entropy

17
Q

entropy is

A

disorder

18
Q

order tends towards

A

disorder/randomness

19
Q

disorder is more favorable or less

A

more favorable (more spontaneous)

20
Q

gibbs free enrgy

A

usable energy in bio system. the energy cells use to do work

21
Q

do all molecules have some free energy (G)

A

yes but it is hard to measure

22
Q

remember G equations

A

ok

23
Q

if delta G is (-), the rxn is

A

exergonic
-spontaneous
-thermodynamically stable
-energy is released

24
Q

if delta G is (+), the rxn is

A

endergonic
-nonspontaneous
-thermodynamically unstable
-energy is used (work)

25
Q

what does delta G also measure

A

systems instability or tendency to change to a more stable state

26
Q

with G, equilibrium is a state of what

A

max stability (delta G = 0)

27
Q

a rxn is only spontaneous if it is approaching _______

A

equilibrum

28
Q

can spontaneous rxns do work

A

yes because they are releasing free enrgy

29
Q

protein folding is ______/______

A

spontaneous/exergonic
-protein denaturing is endergonic

30
Q

is facilitated diffusion exergonic or endergonic

A

exergonic because it is releasing energy/not using energy
-moleqs are moving with [] gradient

31
Q

catabolic =

A

breaking it up

32
Q

anabolic

A

making moleq

33
Q

mechanical work

A

moving structures w/in the cell