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med term > test5: ch12 (brain only) > Flashcards

test5: ch12 (brain only) Flashcards

1
Q

nerve fibers located directly under the skins surface that detect pressure, pain, touch, and temperature

A

sensory receptors

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2
Q

part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, it is where sensory information is sent to and processed

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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3
Q

part of the nervous system that consists of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves

A

the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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4
Q

nerves that carry information to the central nervous system

A

sensory nerves

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5
Q

nerves that carry commands away from the central nervous system

A

motor nerves

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6
Q

individual nerve cells that are capable of conducting electrical impulses in response to a stimulus

A

neurons

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7
Q

what are the three basic parts of a neuron?

A

dendrites, nerve cell body, and axon

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8
Q

part of a neuron that are highly branched projections that receive impulses

A

dendrites

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9
Q

part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and may of the other organelles of a cell

A

cell body

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10
Q

part of a neuron that is a projection from the nerve cell body that conducts the electrical impulse toward its destination

A

axon

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11
Q

the point at which a neuron meets the dendrite of the next neuron

A

synapse

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12
Q

chemical messenger that carries electrical impulse across gap between neurons

A

neurotransmitter

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12
Q

the term for when electrical impulses cannot pass directly across the gap between two neurons

A

synaptic cleft

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13
Q

fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axons so that they conduct electrical impulses faster

A

myelin

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14
Q

true or false: neuroglial cells do not conduct electrical impulses

A

true

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15
Q

matter in the central nervous system that is comprised of unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies and dendrites

A

gray matter

16
Q

matter in the central nervous system that are myelinated nerve fibers

A

white matter

17
Q

bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts of the central nervous system

A

tracts

18
Q

the CNS is encased and protected by three membranes known as the…

A

meninges

19
Q

largest section of the brain, it processes thoughts, judgement, memory, problem solving, and language

A

cerebrum

20
Q

outer layer of the cerebrum that is composed of folds of gray matter

A

cerebral cortex

21
Q

elevated portions of the cerebrum

A

gyri

22
Q

grooves or “valley’s” on the brain

A

sulci

23
Q

how many lobes does each hemisphere of the brain have?

A

4: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

24
Q

most anterior portion of the cerebrum; controls motor function, personality, and speech

A

frontal lobe

25
Q

most superior portion of the cerebrum; receives and interprets impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language

A

parietal lobe

26
Q

most posterior portion of the cerebrum; controls vision

A

occipital lobe

27
Q

left and right lateral portion of the cerebrum; controls hearing and smell

A

temporal lobe

28
Q

part of the diencephalon, it is composed of gray matter and acts as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum (also where pain perception is controlled)

A

thalamus

29
Q

part of the diencephalon, controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions ; also responsible for controlling the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, and the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

29
Q

what are the three portions of the brainstem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

29
Q

second largest portion of the brain, aids in coordinating body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium

A

cerebellum

30
Q

part of the brainstem that acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain and spinal cord

A

midbrain

31
Q

(term that means bridge) part of the brainstem connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

A

pons

32
Q

part of the brainstem that connects the brain to the spinal cord; controls respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure (also the site where nerve tracts cross form one side of the brain to control functions and movement on the other side of the body

A

medulla oblongata

33
Q

present in the brains ventricles; water, clear fluid that provides protection from shock or sudden motion to the brain and spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid

34
Q
A

med term (29 decks)

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