TERMINOLOGY WEEKS 2 & 3 Flashcards
stop
articulatory gesture in which complete closure of the articulators occurs so that the airstream cannot escape through the mouth
plosive/oral stop
articulatory gesture with the airstream completely obstructed and the nasal tract is blocked off by raising the soft palate
nasal stop
articulatory gesture with the airstream completely obstructed in the oral cavity and the velum down so that air can pass through the nose
fricative
articulatory gesture with close approximation of two articulators so that the airstream is partially obstructed
sibilant
higher-pitched hissing fricative sound (usually +strident)
Usually marked on a spectrogram with a high amplitude of noise
approximant
articulatory gesture with one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract narrowed enough to produce a turbulent airstream
lateral approximant
articulatory gesture with obstruction of the airstream at a point alongthe centre of the vocal tract, with incomplete closure between one or both sides of the tongue and the roof of the mouth
formant
an overtone that represents frequencies reinforced by the shape of the vocal tract and that gives a vowel its particular quality
suprasegmentals
variations in stress, pitch and length that are superimposed on syllables
stress
prominence of a syllable resulting from increased loudness, modification of segmental properties and pitch variation
frequency
property of a sound corresponding to the number of complete cycles of a pattern of air pressure variation in a second
pitch
an auditory property of sound on a scale from low to high , subjective interpretation of frequency
intonation
the pitch pattern in a sentence - it conveys meaning differences/is contrastive (but not phonemic)
trill
articulation in which articulators make multiple instances of repeated contact, driven by airflow / aerodynamic force in the same way that vocal fold vibration is driven by airflow
tap
articulated with a rapid brush of the articulator over the articulatory surface, driven by a single tap of an articulator against the articulatory surface (rapid muscle contraction)
lateral
articulated with airflow over the sides of the tongue
affricate
a phone consisting of a stop immediately followed by a fricative