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political science > Contemporary South Asia > Flashcards

Contemporary South Asia Flashcards

1
Q

South asian country

A

The expression ‘South Asia’
usually includes the following
countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan,
India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan
and Sri Lanka
[Afghanistan
and Myanmar are often included
in discussions of the region as a
whole]

china is not part of the south asian region

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2
Q

pakistan miliatry coup happen in

A

suffered a
military coup in 1999 and has
been run by a military regime
since then.

democratic govt. in pak -successive democratic
governments under Benazir
Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif
respectively

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3
Q

Nepal moved into democracy from monarchy

A

2006

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4
Q

when did MALDIVES transformed into
a republic with a presidential form of
government?

A

there was SULATANATE till 1968

2005 - multi party system
The Maldivian Democratic
Party (MDP) dominates the political affairs

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5
Q

when didSri Lanka (then Ceylon) gains independence; IndoPak conflict over Kashmir

A

1948

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6
Q

when did : Pakistan joins the Cold War military blocs, SEATO
and CENTO

A

[1954-55]

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7
Q

when did India and Pakistan sign the Indus Waters
Treaty

A

1960 sept

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8
Q

Indo-Pak War; UN India-Pakistan Observation Mission

A

1965

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9
Q

Six-point proposal of Sheikh Mujib-ur Rahman for greater
autonomy to East Pakistan

A

1966

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10
Q

Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship signed for 20 years

A

march 1971

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11
Q

India and Pakistan sign the Shimla Agreement

A

1972

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12
Q

India conducts nuclear test

A

1974

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13
Q

Pakistan and Bangladesh establish diplomatic
relations

A

1976

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14
Q

: South Asian leaders sign the SAARC
Charter at the first summit in Dhaka

A

1985 , DEC

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15
Q

Indo-Sri Lanka Accord; Indian Peace Keeping Force
(IPKF) operation in Sri Lanka (1987-90)

A

1987

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16
Q

: India sends troops to the Maldives to foil a coup
attempt by mercenaries

A

1988

17
Q

Democracy restoration in Pakistan, Bangladesh
and Nepal

A

(1988- 1991 )

18
Q

: India and Bangladesh sign the Farakka
Treaty for sharing of the Ganga Water

A

1996

19
Q

India and Pakistan conduct nuclear tests

A

1998 may

1998 - ndia and Sri Lanka sign the Free Trade Agreement (FTA)

20
Q

Indian PM Vajpayee undertakes bus journey
to Lahore to sign a Peace Declaration

A

1999

kargil conflict -1999

21
Q

Vajpayee - Musharraf Agra Summit unsuccessful

A

2001

22
Q

SAFTA signed at the 12th SAARC Summit in
Islamabad

A

2004 jan

23
Q

Pakistan political jouney fronm being an democracy to military rule -

A
  • General ayub khan - after independence
    *. military
    takeover once again under
    General Yahya Khan.
    *.elected government under the
    leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
    came to power in Pakistan from
    1971 to 1977.
    *. The Bhutto
    government was removed by
    General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977.
    *.General Zia faced a pro-democracy
    movement from 1982 onwards
    *.elected democratic
    government was established once
    again in 1988 under the leadership
    of Benazir Bhutto.
    *. This phase of elective
    democracy lasted till 1999.
    *.General Pervez Musharraf removed
    Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif    . In
    2001, General Musharraf got
    himself elected as the President.
24
Q

democracy jouney of bangladesh -

A
  • Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the popular
    struggle against West Pakistani
    domination.
  • 1970 election- the Awami League led
    by Sheikh Mujib won all the seats
    in East Pakistan.
  • Sheikh
    Mujib was arrested. Under the
    military rule of General Yahya
    Khan, the Pakistani army tried to
    suppress the mass movement of
    the Bengali people.
  • India and Pakistan in December
    1971 that ended in the surrender
    of the Pakistani forces.
  • in 1975 Sheikh
    Mujib got the constitution
    amended to shift from the
    parliamentary to presidential form
    of government.
  • he was
    assassinated in a military uprising
    in August 1975.
    *Ziaur Rahman, formed his
    own Bangladesh National Party
    and won elections in 1979.
  • military
    takeover followed under the
    leadership of** Lt Gen H. M. Ershad**.
  • He was later elected as
    President for five years. Mass public
    protests made Ershad step down
    in 1990    .
  • Elections were held in
    1991.

since then democratic govt followed

Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan
from 1947 to 1971.

25
Q

nepal democratic journey -

A
  • monarcy was prevalent.
  • 1990 - king accepted demand of a democratic const.
  • violent conflict between
    the Maoist guerrillas and the
    armed forces of the king.
  • 2002, the king
    abolished the parliament and
    dismissed the government.
  • April 2006, there were
    massive, country wide, prodemocracy protest.
  • non-violent movement was led by
    the Seven Party Alliance (SPA), the
    Maoists and social activists.
  • demand to restore house of representative .
26
Q

ETHNIC CONFLICT AND
DEMOCRACY IN SRI LANKA-

A
  • dominated by
    majority Sinhala
    community
  • hostile to a
    large number of Tamils
  • The neglect of Tamil
    concerns led to militant Tamil
    nationalism.
  • From 1983 onwards,Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam fighting for “Tamil elam”.
  • in 1987, the government of
    India for the first time got directly
    involved in the Sri Lankan Tamil
    question.
  • In 1989, the Indian Peace Keeping
    Force (IPKF)     pulled out of Sri
    Lanka without attaining its
    objective.
  • Scandinavian countries such
    as Norway and Iceland have been
    trying to bring the warring groups to negotiations.

despite that-. Sri Lanka was one
of the first developing countries to
successfully control the rate of
growth of population, the first
country in the region to liberalise
the economy, and it has had the
highest per capita gross domestic
product (GDP) .

27
Q

INDIA-PAKISTAN CONFLICTS-

A
  • India and Pakistan in
    1947-48 and 1965 failed to settle
    the matter.
  • In 1971, India won
    a decisive war against Pakistan but
    the Kashmir issue remained
    unsettled.
  • In 1998, India
    conducted nuclear explosion in
    Pokaran.
  • Pakistan responded
    within a few days by carrying out
    nuclear tests in the Chagai Hills
  • Pakistan had aided the proKhalistani militants with arms
    and ammunitions during the
    period 1985-1995.
  • Inter Services Intelligence (ISI), is
    alleged to be involved in various
    anti-India campaigns.
  • , operating secretly
    through Bangladesh and Nepal.
  • The two
    countries are** not** in agreement
    over the demarcation line in Sir
    Creek in the Rann of Kutch    .
28
Q

INDIA’S CONFLICT WITH BANGLADESH

A
  • including the
    sharing of the **Ganga and
    Brahmaputra **river waters.
  • illegal immigration to
    support anti india groups .
  • Bangladesh’s** refusal:**Indian troops to move through its
    territory to northeastern India.
  • it’s decision not toexport
    natural gas to India or allow
    Myanmar to do so.
  • BANGLADESH thinks encouraging rebellion in the
    Chittagong Hill Tracts, trying to
    extract its natural gas and being
    unfair in trade.
29
Q

india and bangladesh being cooperative -

A
  • India’s Look East policy
    that wants to link up with
    Southeast Asia via Myanmar
  • On
    disaster management and
    environmental issues.
30
Q

india and nepal in conflict -

A
  • displeasure at the warm
    relationship between Nepal and
    China .
  • maoist movements
  • rise of Naxalite
    groups in various Indian states
    from Bihar in the north to Andhra
    Pradesh in the south
  • interferes in its
    internal affairs, has designs on its
    river waters and hydro-electricity- by indian govt.
31
Q

SRI LANKA AND INDIA CONLICT-

A
  • After the military
    intervention in 1987, the Indian government now prefers a policy of
    disengagement vis-à-vis Sri Lanka’s
    internal troubles.
  • India signed a free
    trade agreement with Sri Lanka
32
Q

INDIA AND BHUTAN RELATIONS -

A
  • Bhutanese
    monarch to weed out the guerrillas
    and militants from northeastern
    India
  • India is
    involved in big hydroelectric
    projects in Bhutan and remains the
    Himalayan kingdom’s biggest
    source of development aid.
33
Q

INDIA AND MALDIVES -

A

In November 1988,
when some Tamil mercenaries
from Sri Lanka attacked the
Maldives, the Indian air force and
navy reacted quickly to the
Maldives’ request to help stop the
invasion.

34
Q

DISAGREEMENTS BETWEEN SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES -

A
  • Nepal and Bhutan, as
    well as Bangladesh and Myanmar    ,
    have had disagreements in the past
    over the** migration **of ethnic
    Nepalese into Bhutan and the
    Rohingyas into Myanmar,
    respectively.
  • Bangladesh and Nepal
    have had some differences over the
    future of the Himalayan river
    waters
35
Q

The South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation (SAARC) . WHEN DID IT FORMED?

A

8 DEC 1985
CHARTER IN DHAKA

36
Q

SAARC ACHIEVEMENTS - SAFTA AGREEMENT

A
  • SAARC members signed the** South
    Asian Free Trade (SAFTA)** agreement which
    promised the formation of a free trade zone for
    the whole of South Asia.
  • SAFTA Agreement was
    signed in 2004 and came into effect on 1 January
    2006.
  • SAFTA aims at lowering trade tariffs by 20
    percent by 2007.

TRADE -
* Trade
between the two parts of Punjab
has increased substantially in the
last five years. Visas have been
more easily given.

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