History Unit 2 Study Guide

Question 1

What is the Renaissance a rebirth of?

Answer 1

Rebirth of Greece and Rome (Classical Civilization)

Question 2

Where did the Renaissance start?

Answer 2

Italy

Question 3

How did the mindset of people change during the Renaissance?

Answer 3

Made people reason, a questioning attitude, experimentation and free inquiry

Question 4

Founder of Lutheran

Answer 4

Martin Luther

Question 5

Founder of Anglican

Answer 5

King Henry VIII

Question 6

Founder of Calvin

Answer 6

John Calvin

Question 7

Location of Lutheran

Answer 7

German

Question 8

Location of Anglican

Answer 8

English

Question 9

Location of Calvin

Answer 9

Swiss

Question 10

Why did Martin Luther leave the Catholic Church?

Answer 10

He did not like the indulgences

Question 11

Why did King Henry VIII leave the Catholic Church?

Answer 11

Because he wasn’t able to get a divorce

Question 12

Why did John Calvin leave the Catholic Church?

Answer 12

Believed in Predestination

Question 13

Core beliefs of Martin Luther

Answer 13

Faith alone brings salvation

Question 14

Core beliefs of King Henry VIII

Answer 14

Actually breaks away from the Church but his ideals are very similar

Question 15

Core beliefs of John Calvin

Answer 15

Predestination = God had long ago determined who would gain salvation

Question 16

What issues did Martin Luther have with the Catholic Church?

Answer 16

He did not like the indulgences

Question 17

What is an indulgence?

Answer 17

Selling indulgences is lessening the time a a soul would have to spend i purgatory

Question 18

What is the Counter-reformation?

Answer 18

The reaction of the Catholic Church

Question 19

What changes came about because of the counter-reformation?

Answer 19

The Council Of Trent, Salvation comes through faith and good works, the Bible is not the only source, end abuses in the Church, and schools to better educate clergy.

Question 20

What was the Diet of Worms?

Answer 20

Where the Church determines all of the above, meeting of high ranking church officials. Condemn Martin Luther (excommunication)

Question 21

name three people from the Scientific Revolution and what they did. (Aristotle, Nicolaus, Andreas)

Answer 21

Aristotle - developed the geocentric model
Nicolaus Copernicus - Believed in the heliocentric theory
Andreas Vesalius - first to dissect human bodies, and wrote observations about it.

Question 22

How did the church respond to the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 22

At first they dont care but after the reformation they condemn it

Question 23

What is the difference between the Heliocentric and Geocentric theories?

Answer 23

The Geocentric theory was that earth was an unmoving object located at the center of the universe and the plants and sun moved around the Earth which the Heliocentric Model proved not true.

Question 24

Name three explorers and describe their discoveries and journeys from the Age of Explorations

Answer 24

Prince Henry the Navigator - Spread Christianity, defeated muslims, established trade routes
Christopher Columbus - Landed in the Caribbean, captured natives and sold them into slavery
Vasco Nunez de Balboa- First european to see Eastern Part of the Pacific Ocean

Question 25

Why did Europeans decide to explore? (Two Reasons)

Answer 25

The Ottomans were cutting off Europe from trading to get spices. Land is Power. Trade is power

Question 26

What is the Line of Demarcation?

Answer 26

Drawn by the Pope and it will split the world between the Spanish (New World) and the Portuguese (Old World + Brazil)

Question 27

What is the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 27

The trading between America and Europe,Asia and Africa

Question 28

What are the Old and New Worlds?

Answer 28

Old world is Europe, Africa and Asia, the New world is America

Question 29

What foods were exchanged between the old and the new world?

Answer 29

Livestock, tobacco, corn, potatoes, wheat, etc

Question 30

What are the positive and negative impacts of the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 30

Positive : new food sources and population increase.
Negative : diseases killed up to 90% of native Americans

Question 31

What is the social organization of the new world?

Answer 31

Peninsulares at the top, creoles, mestizos, native american indians and enslaved people

Question 32

Which places in the New World imported the most slaves?

Answer 32

Brazil and Caribbean

Question 33

Why was there a need for a labor force in the Americas?

Answer 33

Used disease to kill off the native population

Question 34

Describe the conditions on a slave ship and the middle passage.

Answer 34

Men and women were separated, children could be anywhere. The ships were designed to hold hundreds of slaves. They were cramped in the deck of the ship, only able to lie on their sides. There was only a bucket to relieve themselves in, but they were chained by their ankles so many relieved themselves where they laid. In the morning they were still separated updeck. They faced torture from the crew, merciless beating and hard labor. Many slaves tried to jump overboard because it was a better fate. Many of the slaves do not survive the journey.