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Bacteriology > Gram Positive Rods > Flashcards

Gram Positive Rods Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus spp. Characteristics

A

most are saprophytes and opportunistic; produce spores, catalase positive, gelatin positive, and mostly motile; large rods in gram stain with boxcar shape

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2
Q

What are the different types of anthrax infections?

A

Cutaneous anthrax, pulmonary anthrax, GI anthrax, and injectional anthrax

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3
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax

A

occurs at the site of penetration and it progresses from an erythematous papule to ulceration (escher) and then toxemia and death; lymph nodes may swell

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4
Q

Pulmonary Anthrax

A

follows inhalation of spores and progresses from malaise with mild fever to chest edema, cyanosis, and death (shock and death occur 24-36 hours after onset)

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5
Q

GI Anthrax

A

ingestion of spores that affects the oropharyngeal or abdominal area; vomiting of blood and bloody diarrhea are main symptoms; most die of toxemia and sepsis

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6
Q

Injectional Anthrax

A

injection of contaminated drugs; may result in shock, coma, organ failure, and necrotizing fasciitis

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7
Q

How is B. anthracis treated?

A

ciprofloxacin or doxycycline plus one or two other antibiotics; resistant to B-lactams

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8
Q

What are the two types of food poisoning caused by Bacillus spp.?

A

Diarrheal type with abdominal pain and emetic type with vomiting

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9
Q

Bacillus anthracis Identification

A

nonhemolytic, nonmotile, growth anaerobically, lecithinase positive, ADH negative, nitrate positive, capsule positive, and susceptible to Gamma phage and penicillin G

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10
Q

Bacillus Cereus Identification

A

causes food poisoning and other opportunistic infections; grows anaerobically, motile, lecithinase positive, variable for ADH and nitrate, B hemolytic, capsule negative, and resistant to Gamma phage and penicillin G

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11
Q

Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis

A

Cote d’lvoire strain (C1): nonhemolytic, variable motility, capsule positive, susceptible to penicillin G, and resistant to Gamma phage
Cameroon strain (CA): nonhemolytic, variable motility, capsule positive, resistant to gamma phage and penicillin g

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12
Q

Other Bacillus spp Identification

A

B. licehniformis: grows anaerobically, motile, lecithinase negative, nitrate positive
B megaterium: no anaerobic growth, motile, lecithinase negative, ADH negative, nitrate negative
B. mycoides: grows anaerobically, nonmotile, lecithinase positive,
B. pumilis: no anaerobic growth, motile, lecithinase negative, ADH negative, and nitrate negative
B. subtilis: no anaerobic growth, motile, lecithinase negative, ADH negative, nitrate positive
B. thuringiensis: grows anaerobically, motile, lecithinase positive, ADH positive, and nitrate positive

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13
Q

Corynebacterium Characteristics

A

normal flora; non-spore forming, small, pleomorphic rods that can be club-shaped or curved; do not require CO2 to grow, aerobic/facultative anaerobic; nonmotile and catalase positive

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14
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae diseases

A

Infects the upper resp. tract in humans to cause diphtheria; there are toxigenic and nontoxigenic forms based on the presence of a bacteriophage with the toxin gene.

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15
Q

Diphtheria symptoms

A

a pseudomembrane of necrotic epi. cells, WBC, bacteria, and fibrin can obstruct the airway; the toxin can be absorbed and cause damage to the heart and nervous system

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16
Q

Tellurite media

A

Cystine-tellurite medium and Tinsdale agar have tellurite, allowing for isolation of corynebacterium and differentiate C. diphtheriae from other corynebacterium species because it has a brown halo around its colonies

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17
Q

Elek Test

A

an immunodiffusion procedure that tests for the diphtheria toxin; a precipitate forms on the antitoxin line if the toxin is present

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18
Q

Which two other species of corynebacterium cause serious disease?

A

C. jeikeium and C. urealyticum

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19
Q

Which two species of corynebacterium can also have the diphtheria toxin gene?

A

C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis

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20
Q

C. diphtheriae Identification

A

Nitrate positive, urease negative, fermenter, glucose positive, maltose positive,

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21
Q

C. jeikeium Identification

A

Nitrate negative, urease negative, oxidizer, glucose positive

22
Q

C. pseudotuberculosis Identification

A

urease positive, fermenter, glucose and maltose positive

23
Q

C. ulcerans Identification

A

nitrate negative, urease positive, fermenter, glucose and maltose positive

24
Q

C. urealyticum Identification

A

nitrate negative, urease positive, oxidizer, glucose and maltose negative

25
Q

Archanobacterium Characteristics

A

cause pharyngitis, wound infections, and bacteremia; B hemolytic, catalase negative, reverse CAMP positive, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore forming, nitrate negative, urease negative

26
Q

Which coryneform bacteria is positive for xylose?

A

Arcanobacterium pyogenes only

27
Q

Rothia dentocariosa characteristics

A

normal flora in oropharyngeal cavity, associated with dental carries and periodontal diseases; can be mistaken for actinomyces viscosus, but it does not ferment lactose; nitrate positive, urease negative, glucose, sucrose, and maltose positive

28
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis characteristics

A

part of anorectal and vaginal flora; associated with bacterial vaginosis, only B hemolytic on horse blood (not sheep), catalase negative, nitrate negative, urease negative, glucose and maltose positive

29
Q

Listeria monocytogenes characteristics

A

aerobic, non-spore forming GPR; causes infections in pregnant women, newborns, elderly, and people with compromised cell-mediated immunity (AIDs, transplants, etc.); usually acquired from meat or raw milk

30
Q

L. monocytogenes Identification

A

B hemolytic, catalase positive, tumbling motility at 25C (not 35C) and umbrella pattern on motility media, bile esculin positive, hippurate positive, CAMP positive, H2S negative, grows at 4C

31
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae characterisitics

A

infections are caused by abrasion or puncture wound of skin with animal exposure, leading to erysipeloid on hands (seen in butchers, farmers, and seafood handlers); thin, non-spore forming GPR

32
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Identification

A

nonmotile, catalase negative, alpha or gamma hemolytic, H2S positive, test tube brush growth in gelatin swab; resistant to vanc., T/S, and aminoglycosides

33
Q

Lactobacillus spp. Characteristics

A

non-spore forming GPR that form medium to long chains of rods; rarely cause disease and are normal flora in humans, but can cause endocarditis, bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis

34
Q

Lactobacillus spp. Identification

A

some will only grow anaerobically while others are facultatively anaerobic; nonmotile, catalase negative, alpha or gamma hemolytic

35
Q

Aerobic actinomycetes characteristics

A

Filamentous rods that tend to brand; found in soil and water; growth is enhanced by CO2 and take up to 4 weeks to grow

36
Q

Nocardia spp. characteristics

A

Partially acid fast with a beaded gram stain; Causes nocardiosis (a chronic disease that can affect any organ) and actinomycotic mycetoma leading to sulfur granules

37
Q

Nocardia spp Identification

A

catalase positive, strictly aerobic, oxidatively utilizes sugars including paraffin as an energy source; lysozyme test positive (resistant)

38
Q

N. asteroides Identification

A

Casein, tyrosine, xanthine, and starch negative, urea positive (positive = clearing of milky media)

39
Q

N. brasiliensis Identification

A

Casein, tyrosine, and urea positive, xanthine and starch negative

40
Q

N. otitidiscaviarum Identification

A

Casein, tyrosine, and starch negative, xanthine and urea positive

41
Q

How is Tropheryma whipple diagnosed?

A

It will stain positively with a partially acid fast stain and histological testing shows foamy macrophages in lamina propria of the small intestine

42
Q

Whipple disease symtoms

A

diarrhea, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, fever, skin pigmentation, and arthralgia

43
Q

Rhodococcus spp Characteristics and Diseases

A

GPCB, partially acid fast, obligate aerobe, catalase positive, salmon color and slow growing; causes granulomatous pneumonia and lung lesions in immunocompromised people

44
Q

Gordonia and Tsukamurella Diseases

A

opportunistic pathogens, associated with catheter-related sepsis, central nervous system infections, pulmonary infections, and cutaneous infections

45
Q

Which two aerobic actinomycetes are not partially acid fast?

A

Streptomyces and Actinomadura

46
Q

Actinomadura spp. diseases

A

can cause actinomycotic mycetomas

47
Q

Actinomadura madura Identification

A

Casein, tyrosine, and starch positive, and urea and xanthine negative

48
Q

Actinomadura pelletieri Identificaton

A

Casein and tyrosine positive, and xanthine, starch and urea negative

49
Q

Streptomyces spp. Diseases

A

can cause actinomycotic mycetomas

50
Q

Streptomyces somaliensis Identification

A

Casein and tyrosine positive, and xanthine and urea negative

51
Q

Streptomyces anulatus Identification

A

Casein, tyrosine, xanthine, and starch positive

Bacteriology (9 decks)

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