3.1.2 (digestion) - part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Protein - digestion
- Stomach

A

Chemical digestion of proteins start in the stomach.
- Stomach releases gastric acid containing hydrochloric acid (HA).
- Pepsin is released amongst the gastric juices.
- HA activates P which begins the breakdown of protein into amino acid (enzymatic hydrolysis).

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2
Q

Protein - digestion
- small intestine

A

Pancreatic protease released from pancreas into SI where it breaks down the proteins further into amino acids + peptides.

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3
Q

Protein - absorption

A

Occurs in the small intestine.
- Amino acids are moved from the villi to the bloodstream which then transports the amino acids to the cells in the body as needed.

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4
Q

Protein - utilisation

A
  • Body uses protein for growth, maintenance, + repair of body cells (eg. muscles, blood, connective tissues, etc).
  • Protein assist in energy production.
  • Secondary energy source for growth + activity.
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5
Q

Fats - digestion
- Mouth

A

Lingual lipase is released by saliva but doesn’t begin to work until it reaches the stomach.

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6
Q

Fats - digestion
- Stomach

A

Acid in the stomach activates lingual lipase, joined by gastric lipase released in the stomach, beginning fat digestions.

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7
Q

Fats - digestion
- Liver

A

Liver releases bile that mixes with the chyme in the SI.
- Bile = digestive fluid produced by liver, stored in gall bladder, released into SI. Facilitates growth by acting as an emulsifier.
- Bile breaks down fat into smaller particles providing a larger surface area for digesting lipases.

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8
Q

Fats - absorption

A

Fatty acids + glycerol are absorbed into villi of the SI + mix with lymphatic fluid.
- They move around the body in the lymphatic system, joining blood circulation as insoluble fats.

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9
Q

Fats - utilisation

A
  • Used for insulation + protection around vital organs.
  • Helps transport fat-soluble vitamins.
  • Used as a secondary energy source.
  • Any fat not used by the body is stored as adipose tissue.
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