Thyroid Hormonal/Adrenal Gland Dysfunction Flashcards
Hyperthyroidism S/S
Elevation of metabolism:
- Inc HR/RR
- Palpitations/dysrhythmia
- Breathlessness
Swelling/enlargement in anterior neck
CNS changes (tremors, hyperkinesia, inc deep tendon reflexes)
MSK changes (weakness, fatigue, atrophy)
Heat intolerance
Grave’s Disease Cause
Hyperthyroidism - autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid:
o T3 and T4 will be high (produced by thyroid)
o Typically low TSH (inhibited by high level of T3/T4)
Anterior pituitary tumor:
o Over secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
o high TSH
Grave’s Disease S/S
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Exercise intolerance
- Goiter
- Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
- Tachycardia
- Decreased fertility
- women>men
Hashimoto Thyroiditis Cause
- Autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland (T3 and T4 are low).
- TSH is high (because pituitary is trying to stimulate thyroid).
- women>men.
Hashimoto Thyroiditis S/S
- Weight gain (decreased metabolic rate)
- Cold intolerance
- Round puffy face
- Bradycardia
- Constipation
- Low blood pressure
- Depression
- Goiter
Parathyroid Dysfunction
- Result in increaed calcium level in the blood
- Calcium drawn from bones–>osteoporosis and fracture
Adrenal gland hormones:
- Cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, androgens
- Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine
*“fight or flight response
Cushing’s Disease Cause
from prolonged exposure to cortisol
(chronic and excessive production by adrenal glands)
Causes:
- Adrenal tumor
- Anterior pituitary tumor–>adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Medication: corticosteroids)
Cushing’s Disease S/S
- Hypertension
- Moon face
- Central obesity
- Abdominal striations
- Acne
Addison’s Disease Cause
Adrenal insufficiency - decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone
Causes:
* Autoimmune process
* Adrenal infection
* Adrenal hemorrhage
* Neoplasm (pituitary or adrenals)
Signs and symptoms:
* Weakness and decreased endurance
* Fatigue
* Intolerance to cold
* GI disturbances
* Anorexia
* Hypoglycemia
* Hyperpigmentation
* Intolerance to stress