Thyroid Hormonal/Adrenal Gland Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperthyroidism S/S

A

Elevation of metabolism:
- Inc HR/RR
- Palpitations/dysrhythmia
- Breathlessness

Swelling/enlargement in anterior neck

CNS changes (tremors, hyperkinesia, inc deep tendon reflexes)

MSK changes (weakness, fatigue, atrophy)

Heat intolerance

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2
Q

Grave’s Disease Cause

A

Hyperthyroidism - autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid:
o T3 and T4 will be high (produced by thyroid)
o Typically low TSH (inhibited by high level of T3/T4)

Anterior pituitary tumor:
o Over secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
o high TSH

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3
Q

Grave’s Disease S/S

A
  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Goiter
  • Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
  • Tachycardia
  • Decreased fertility
  • women>men
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4
Q

Hashimoto Thyroiditis Cause

A
  • Autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland (T3 and T4 are low).
  • TSH is high (because pituitary is trying to stimulate thyroid).
  • women>men.
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5
Q

Hashimoto Thyroiditis S/S

A
  • Weight gain (decreased metabolic rate)
  • Cold intolerance
  • Round puffy face
  • Bradycardia
  • Constipation
  • Low blood pressure
  • Depression
  • Goiter
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6
Q

Parathyroid Dysfunction

A
  • Result in increaed calcium level in the blood
  • Calcium drawn from bones–>osteoporosis and fracture
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7
Q

Adrenal gland hormones:

A
  • Cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, androgens
  • Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine
    *“fight or flight response
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8
Q

Cushing’s Disease Cause

A

from prolonged exposure to cortisol
(chronic and excessive production by adrenal glands)

Causes:
- Adrenal tumor
- Anterior pituitary tumor–>adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Medication: corticosteroids)

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9
Q

Cushing’s Disease S/S

A
  • Hypertension
  • Moon face
  • Central obesity
  • Abdominal striations
  • Acne
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10
Q

Addison’s Disease Cause

A

Adrenal insufficiency - decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone

Causes:
* Autoimmune process
* Adrenal infection
* Adrenal hemorrhage
* Neoplasm (pituitary or adrenals)

Signs and symptoms:
* Weakness and decreased endurance
* Fatigue
* Intolerance to cold
* GI disturbances
* Anorexia
* Hypoglycemia
* Hyperpigmentation
* Intolerance to stress

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