Non Communicable Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

How does Coronary heart disease occur

A

When the coronary arteries become narrowed by the build up of layers of fatty material within them.

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2
Q

What does coronary heart disease reduce and result in

A

Reduces the flow of blood resulting in less oxygen for the heart muscle, which can lead to heart attacks.

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3
Q

Diet (obesity) and lack of exercise

A

Type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular diseases

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4
Q

Alcohol

A

Impaired liver function
Impaired brain function
Affected development in unborn babies

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5
Q

Smoking

A

Lung disease and cancers
Affected development of unborn babies

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6
Q

Stent

A

Inserted into blocked coronary arteries to keep them open

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7
Q

Stent advantages

A

Widens the artery- allows more blood to flow, so more oxygen is supplied into the heart

Less serious surgery

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8
Q

Stent disadvantages

A

Can in ole major surgery- risk of infection, blood loss, blood clots, and damage to blood vessels

Risks from anaesthetic used during surgery

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9
Q

Statins

A

Drugs that reduce blood cholesterol levels, slowing down the deposit of fatty material in the arteries

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10
Q

Statins advantages

A

Effective
No need for surgery
Can prevent CHD from developing

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11
Q

Statins disadvantages

A

Possible side effects such as muscle pain, headaches and sickness

Cannot cure CHD, so patient will have to take tablets for many years

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12
Q

Replace faulty heart valves

A

Heart valves that leak or do not open fully, preventing control of blood flow through the heart, can be replaced with biological or mechanical valves.

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13
Q

Replacing faulty heart valves advantages

A

Allows control of blood flow through the heart

Long term cure faulty heart valves

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14
Q

Replacing faulty heart valves disadvantages

A

Can involve major surgery- risk of infection, blood loss, blood clots and damage to blood vessels

Risks from anaesthetic used during surgery

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15
Q

Transplants

A

If the heart fails a donor heart, or heart and lungs can be transplanted

Artificial hearts can be used to keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest during recovery.

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16
Q

Transplant advantages

A

Long term cure for the most serious heart conditions

Treats problems that cannot be treated in other ways

17
Q

Transplant disadvantage

A

Transplant maybe rejected if there is not a match between donor and patient

Lengthy progress

Major surgery, risk of infection , blood loss, blood clots and damage to blood vessels

Risk from anaesthetic used during surgery

18
Q

Rapid division of abnormal cells can form a ….

A

Tumor

19
Q

Cancer is…

A

The result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division by mitosis

20
Q

Benign tumours are….

A

Non cancerous tumors that do not spread in the body

21
Q

Treatment of non communicable diseases linked to lifestyle risks factors…such as….

A

Poor diet, drinking alcohol, and smoking