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GI > 7 How Do We Stomach Our Food?. > Flashcards

7 How Do We Stomach Our Food?. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of rugae in the stomach?

A

To quickly channel liquids that are ready to be digested

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2
Q

What type of reflex is the receptive relaxation?

A

Vago-vagal reflex
Involuntary reflex involving the vagus nerves

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3
Q

Describe the process of receptive relaxation

A

Food distends Oesophagus which is detected by mechanoreceptors in muscularis externa
Relay this info to brain stem via vagus
Motor signal sent to myenteric plexus
Which secretes vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP
Smooth muscles in oesophagus orad and corpus relax

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4
Q

What does the cardia secrete to lubricate food?

A

Mucus

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5
Q

What does surface epithelial cells secrete?

A

Mucus, HCO3

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6
Q

What to enterochromaffin like ECL cells secrete?

A

Histamine

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7
Q

What do D cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

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8
Q

Proliferating cells are located where in the stomach?

A

Neck of the gland lumen

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9
Q

Why are parietal cells packed with mitochondria?

A

Supports high levels of cell respiration and energy required for pumping acid into the stomach lumen which is already high in acid

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10
Q

What structures fuse when the parietal cell is activated to create a large surface area for acid secretion?

A

Intracellular canaliculi and tubulovesicles

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11
Q

How do parietal cells secrete HCL?

A

Carbonic acid made by carbonic anhydrase
Releases H+ from cell
K moves in to move H+ out of
K channels open to help with this process
Apical Cl- channels also open - to help cells remain electronically neutral
Sodium potassium pumps from blood help enhance K+ available in the cell

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12
Q

What phase of gastric acid secretion is triggered by thought, sight, smell, taste of food?

A

Cephalic

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13
Q

What causes the gastric phase of acid secretion?

A

Distention of stomach and food in stomach

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14
Q

What is the major phase of acid secretion?

A

Gastric

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15
Q

What phase of gastric acid secretion is caused by distention/food in duodenum?

A

Intestinal

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16
Q

What happens in the late intestinal phase?

A

Fat rich chyme entering duodenum results in release of hormones to switch off gastric secretions and motility

17
Q

What hormone inhibits acid secretion?

A

Somatostatin

18
Q

What hormones promote acid secretion?

A

Gastrin
Histamine

19
Q

What happens if ther is too much acid?

A

Somatostatin is released

20
Q

What type of bacteria is helicobacter pylori?

A

Gram negative

21
Q

Decreased somatostatin secretion, increased Gastrin and increased acid secretion is associated with infection of _____ in the ______

A

Helicobacter pylori
Antrum

22
Q

Increased Gastrin and decreased acid secretion is associated with infection of ____ in ____ and _____

A

Helicobacter pylori
Antrum
Corpus

GI (17 decks)

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