15. Gut Communiction With Its Environment

Question 1

Taste receptors in the tongue send information to NTS via which cranial nerves?

Answer 1

Facial 7th and glossopharyngeal 9th

Question 2

Stimulation of tase receptors initiate what?

Answer 2

Visceral reflexes to gut to prepare for incoming meal [cephalic response]

Question 3

Olfactory pathways from the nose project directly to where?

Answer 3

Cortex

Question 4

Bi - directional projections give rise to what?

Answer 4

Smell localisation

Question 5

The main olfactory pathway runs from _____ to ______ on the underside of the temporal lobe

Answer 5

Olfactory bulb
Primary olfactory cortex/piriform complex

Question 6

Gustatory pathways pass through ____ before they project to their relevant _____

Answer 6

Thalamus
Cortical area

Question 7

Taste afferents are involved in what?

Answer 7

Visceral reflexes

Question 8

What are some examples of visceral responses?

Answer 8

Salivary secretion
Gastric juice secretion
Pancreatic secretion
Gallbladder contraction

Question 9

What does a combination of T1R1+T1RT3 lead to taste of?

Answer 9

Umami

Question 10

What combination of taste receptors leads to sweet taste?

Answer 10

T1R2+T1R3

Question 11

What taste does taste receptor2 sense?

Answer 11

Bitter

Question 12

What type of receptor is taste receptor?

Answer 12

GPCR

Question 13

ENaC - epithelium sodium channel plays an important role in perception of what taste?

Answer 13

Saltiness

Question 14

PKD2L1 is a receptor for what taste?

Answer 14

Sour

Question 15

What are gut enteroendocrine cells [EECs]?

Answer 15

Nutrient sensors

Question 16

Why are EECs central to the chemosensing pathway of the intestinal tract?

Answer 16

Nerve endings that enter the villi dont reach luminal content

Question 17

Nutrient sensing leads to release of what?

Answer 17

Key regulatory gut hormones

Question 18

What do G cells secrete?

Answer 18

Gastrin

Question 19

What cell secretes ghrelin?

Answer 19

P/D1 cell

Question 20

What cell secretes CCK?

Answer 20

I cell

Question 21

Enterocytes and L cells secrete what?

Answer 21

GLP1

Question 22

SGLT1 and GLP1 are important in regulating ____ absorption

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

Taste receptor targeting can prevent ant treatment what two diseases?

Answer 23

Obesity adn diabetes