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Back up cards AAB > aabbasicquck > Flashcards

aabbasicquck Flashcards

1
Q

Deca:Deci:

A

Deca: 10^1Deci: 10^-1Centi: 10^-2Milli: 10^-3

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2
Q

LDL calc

A

TC - (TG/5 + HDL)TC= cholesterol

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3
Q

Centrifuge: head/rotor, carriers/shieldsRCF: relative centrifugal force calccentrifugar force depends on three factors…recommended RCF and rpm/time

A

1.118 x 10^-5 x r x rpm^2mass, speed, radius1.118x10-5 is the angular velocityAAB study guide says 1.18RCF 1-1200 or 3500rpm 10-15min

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4
Q

Horizontal/Swinging:fixed angle good to…microcentrifuge for smaller than…ultracentrifuge rpm, for….

A

Horizontal/Swinging: horizontal when spinningfixed angle good to…sediment small particles fastermicrocentrifuge for smaller than…<2mlultracentrifuge rpm, for….150,000rpm, chylomicrons

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5
Q

Pipettes:Semiautomatic: recalibrate…/yr with…Most accurate pipette, has accuracy of…Pipette that is rinsed after 1st liquid drains….Pipette that drains by gravity, tip to side….Pippette w/2 frosted bands……

A

Pipettes:Semiautomatic: recalibrate…/yr with…4x/yr, gravimetric(wt=vol, water) or volumetric(dye into water, spectropho)Most accurate pipette, has accuracy of…volumetric/transfer 1:1000Pipette that is rinsed after 1st liquid drains….TC to containPipette that drains by gravity, tip to side….TD to deliverPippette w/2 frosted bands……blow out remaining drop

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6
Q

Inspected etc…Centrifuges for time/speed w/NIST…automatic pipetters…..BSA hoods, thermometers w/NIST….CLIA lab inspections….

A

Inspected etc…Centrifuges for time/speed w/NIST…6 mths-use daily, need to do more oftenautomatic pipettes…quarterly, every 4 mthsBSA hoods, thermometers w/NIST….yearlyCLIA lab inspections….2yrs

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7
Q

Microscopes…best forBrightfield…Darkfield…Electron…Fluorescent…Phase contrast…Polarized…Diff. interference contrast/DIC….

A

Microscopes…best forBrightfield…white light, low contrast of bioDarkfield…collect scattered light, spirocheteElectron…electrons,enlarged image, tumor markers, tissueFluorescent…high enery emits lower, ANAPhase contrast…phase shifts, diff in refractive index/contrast, manual PLT ctsPolarized…transmitted polarized light, crystalsDiff. interference contrast/DIC….recominbation of light, 3D

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8
Q

Temp calculations…C to F: 5/9 x (F-32)F to C: (9/5) + 32C to K: C+27395F=C95C=F

A

95F=35C95C=203F

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9
Q

M:E ratiowhat is counted as myeloid, what isn’twhat is examples of erythroid

A

M:EM=myeloid, blast count as myeloid-not lymphs/monosE=normo/erthroblast/rubricytes

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10
Q

Molarity calc…Normality calc…

A

Molary= gmv/L, want mol/LNormality= 1 Eq(each H)/gmw

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11
Q

Osmality NV, calcOsmolar gap…

A

Osmality 275-295, 1.86Na+Glu/18+BUN/2.8Gap is measured-calculated

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12
Q

SD is the…CV is a measure of…calc…acceptable CV…QC is a measure of…

A

SD is the square root of varianceCV measures precisionSD/mean x100, <5% acceptableQC measures reliability

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13
Q

Confidence intervals is probability of estimated range, degree of uncertainty1SD=2SD=3SD=acceptable SD for lab/ranges CTRLs are in….

A

Confidence intervals is probability of estimated range, degree of uncertainty1SD= 68%2SD= 95%3SD= 99%acceptable SD for lab/ranges CTRLs are in…2SD-to find 1SD you find mean, diff on each side is 2SD/2

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14
Q

pH, Henderson equa…normal pH…bicarb:acid…

A

pH= pka + log (salt/acid) or (A/HA)normal pH 7.4bicard:acid 20:1

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15
Q

Beers law: -concentration=energy absorbed A=abc-transmitted in inverse=A=2-log%TConcentration/absorbance calc…

A

Concen unk/Con Std = Abs unk/Abs std

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16
Q

Who catergorizes/grades tests based on complexicity…Who determines if test can be waived…Most lab complexicity…PPM is what complexcity…High complexcity tests….

A

Who catergorizes/grades tests based on complexicity…FDAWho determines if test can be waived…HHSMost lab complexicity…moderatePPM is what complexcity…moderateHigh complexcity tests….-modified FDA cleared-LDT(lab developed)-cytology-serogrouping/gel immuno/electro/flow-pap

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17
Q

Proficiency testing:Required by…up to…/yr…Not required for…These two can inspect…This dept approves PT program…Keep copy of PT for…Unsuccessful PT…-common causes of failure….Alternate PT testing….

A

Proficiency testing:Required by CMS under CLIA, 3x/yrNot required for…waivedThese two can inspect…CMS, HHSThis dept approves PT program…HHSKeep copy of PT for…2yrs (as most records)Unsuccessful PT…-SAME analyte in 2 CONSECUTIVE testing events or 2/3 testing events-common causes of failure: clerical, instrument method/codes, calibration bias, late turn inAlternate PT testing….-SPLIT sample testing w/ref/other lab or established in house-clin validation by chart review-participate in ungraded/educational PT program

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18
Q

Most errors occur in …and….analytical areasPRE: %, if oral need written w/in…Analytical: %, most common errorPOST: % most common errorKeep records for…BB for…Pathology for…

A

Most errors occur in pre and post phasePRE: 46%, oral ok/written w/in 30 days-Joint commision national PT safety std=need to PT idsAnalytical: 8%, specimen integrityPOST: 47%, clerical errorrecords 2yrs, BB 5yrs/products 6mths after expire/Pathology 10yrs

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19
Q

Warning error…what to do if 1CTRL is out…Random errors due to…causesSystemic erros due to these 3…-name of gradual loss/drift from mean/causes-name of abrupt change/causes

A

1st #=how many out consecutively 2nd #=SDWarning error…what to do if 1CTRL is out…-1-2S: repeat same CTRLRandom errors due to… 1-3SD, R-4S-unpredictable, preventable-pipetitng, electronics, HIL-R4S= 2 concensutive outside 4SDSystemic erros due to these 3…-2-2S, 4-1S, 10x-name of gradual loss/drift from mean/causes: deterioation, accumulation, aging-name of abrupt change/causes: reagent/lot change, maintenance, temp

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20
Q

Steps in out of range CTRLS…1.)if only 1-2S…2)If still out…3.)still out…4.)5.)6.)

A

Steps in out of range CTRLS…1.)if only 1-2S rerun same CTRL 1x2)New vial CTRL/new lot3.)reagents, maintenance, specimen4.)recalibrate/redo ctrls5.)assistance, document corrective action

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21
Q

Safety training/Blood borne training/Chenmical hygiene/TB plan done…-safety records kept…DOT training w/in…every….

A

Safety/blood borne/chemical hygiene 1yr-safety records kept 3yrsDOT w/in 90 days, 3 yrs

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22
Q

Hazard Communication Std requires….on labels to alert…examples…8

A

requires pictograms on labels to alert chemical hazards-Health-Environment-Skull crossbone-gas cylinder-flame over circle-exploding bomb-flame-exclamation mark

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23
Q

Health pictogram/Human: takes time, toxicity, cancer causing…6

A

Health: toxicity-carcinogen, mutangenicity-reproductive/organ toxicity-respiration/aspiraton toxicity

24
Q

Corrosion/hand-item: 4

A

Corrosion:-skin corrosion/burns-eye damage-metal corrosion

25
Q

Flame over circle: 1

A

flame over circle=oxidizer

26
Q

Skull crossbone: 1

A

Skull cross bone-acute toxicity/fatal

27
Q

exploding bomb: 3

A

exploding bomb-explosives-self reactive/organic peroxides

28
Q

exclamation mark: 6not as toxic acute and often irritants

A

exclamation mark:-skin/eye/respiratory irritant-skin sensitizer-acute toxicity-narcotic affect-ozone layer

29
Q

Environment/fish:1

A

aquatic toxicity

30
Q

Flame: heat/flame 6

A

Flame/heat:-flammables, pyrophorics-emits flammable gas-self heating, self reactives-organic peroxides

31
Q

TB plan reviewed…Class…BSC…Plan to protect employees from heath hazards with hazardous chemicals…Std related to blood/BF and contaminated items…Plan that lays out potential risks, measures taken if exposed to bloodborne pathogens….Universal precautions:-all PTs/blood/BF/tissues/needles potentially infectious and contaminated with these 3…-examples of BF that can spread these…Primary mode of infection throgh these 2..Post exposure testing…save blood for…

A

TB plan review anually, Class 2 BSCPlan to protect employees from heath hazards with hazardous chemicals…-Chemical hygiene planStd related to blood/BF and contaminated items…Bloodborn pathogen stdPlan that lays out potential risks, measures taken if exposed to bloodborne pathogens….exposure planUniversal precautions: HIV, HBV, HCV-blood, semen/vaginal, CSF/synovial/serous, amniotic, salive in dental, unfixed tissue/organsprimary mode:-puncture/broken skin, contact-mucous membranePost exposure testing:-3,6,12mths-save blood 90days

32
Q

HIV:-dominant one, grps;-slower, grps:-incubation average:-AIDs CD4 <, TH/Tctyo, category:-Bacteria:-Fungal:-Viral:-Parasites:-Testing: -Treatment:

A

HIV:-dominant one, grps: HIV1, M,N,O-slower, grps: HIV2 A,B-incubation average: 18mths-AIDs CD4 <, TH/Tctyo: <200, 1:2, 0.5, cat3-Bacteria: mycobacterium-Fungal: crypto neo, canida-Viral: HBV, EBV, CMV, HSV-Parasites: Pneumocystis, Crytpsporidium, Toxcoplasma-Testing: Qual/ELISA, Quant/RNA NAT-Treatment: HAART, AZT

33
Q

How many classes of Biosafety Cabinet(BSC)..One lab use…Certified…and then…

A

There are 3 but 2 has two subclassesClass 2aCertified upon installation, then annually

34
Q

Class BSC completely closed, neg pressure, most protection-air coming in is filter sterlized, rubber gloves

A

Class 3

35
Q

Class BSC that only sterilizes air being exhausted, ventilated outside, negative pressure

A

Class 1

36
Q

Class BSC that most labs use:-self contained, laminar flow, sash-air exhausted and over material sterilized-air recirculated thru HEPA

A

Class 2a

37
Q

Class BSC used for radioisotopes, toxic chemicals, carcinogens

A

Class 2b

38
Q

How many BSL biosafety level are there…One that most std micro labs use..

A

4BSL 1

39
Q

BSL due to dangerous, aerosol trasmitted, fetal, no vaccine/treatment-all precautions of other BSL plus clothing change/shower/decontamination-most organisms are…

A

BSL 4ebola, lassa, marburg viruses

40
Q

BSL for indigenous, serious/letal thru inhalation-controlled access, decontamination-example microbes

A

BSL 3-TB, Brucella, Y.petis, antracis, C.immitis

41
Q

BSL most used in std micro labs:-not usually cause of disease-2 examples of microbes

A

BSL 1B.subtilis(dry heat QC), E.coli

42
Q

BSL used when theres risk of sharp injury, ingesting, mucous membrane-biohazard signs, sharps precautions,manual-example microbes

A

BSL 2-S.aurea, Ecoli H157, Kpneumo, HBV/HIV

43
Q

Biosafety levelsBSL 1:-most common in lab, not likey issue-B.subtilis, E.coliBSL 2:-sharp/ingest/mucous route -warning signs/sharps, manual-Common pathogens: S.aureus, EcoliH157, Kpneumo, HBV/HIVBSL 3:-indigenous, serious/lethal, inhale-controlled access, decontamination-TB, Brucella, Y.petis, anthracis, C.immitisBSL 4: -most letal, no vaccine/treatment, aerosol-virus: eboal, lassa, marburg

A

.

44
Q

Chlorine, propane, nitrous oxide, CO2 all examples of…

A

liquified compressed gas

45
Q

oxygen, nitrogen, helium, argon all examples of

A

nonliquified compressed gas

46
Q

acetylene example of

A

dissolved compressed gas

47
Q

Flashpt F/C..lowest temp a vapor of flammable liquid can be ignited into airexamples…keep in…

A

<100F/37.8Cacetone, ethanol, methanol, xyleneflammable liquid safety cabinet

48
Q

Environmental CTRLS:safety color coding…all usually color with black lettersRed code for, examples…Yellow code, example…Orange code, examples….

A

Environmental CTRLS:safety color coding…Red code for, examples…-fire, danger, stop: fire pull, biomed)Yellow code, example…-caution: radiationOrange code, examples….-warning: biohazard, infectious agent(fluoursecent orange)

49
Q

NFPA color coded labels recommended by OSHA..red diamond:yellow diamond:blue diamond:white diamond:

A

NFPA color coded labels recommended by OSHA..red diamond: fire-0=won’t burn, 4=flashpt <73Fyellow diamond: reactivity-0=stable, 4=detonateblue diamond: health-0=normal, 4=deathwhite diamond: specific-ACID, ALK, COR, OXY-radioactive, use no water

50
Q

Class Fires/Extinguishers how many classes

A

4, A-D

51
Q

Class fire/extinguisher with combustible metals…examples of metals..

A

Class D combustible metalsMg,Li,Na, Kyellow decagon, no #

52
Q

Class fire/extinguisher with energized electrical equipment…examples..

A

Class C energized electrical equipanalyzers, wiring, outletsblue circlen no #

53
Q

Class fire/extinguisher with ordinary combustible..examples..

A

Class Apaper,wood,cloth, some rubber plasticgreen triangle, # is amt of water

54
Q

Class fire/extinguisher with flammable/combustible liquids..examples..

A

Class Bgases, greases, some rubber/plasticacetone,ethanol,methanol, xylenered square, # is sq ft can extinguish

55
Q

Fire/extinguisher acronyms…Fire acronym…Extinguisher acronym…

A

Fire: RACE to the fire-R: rescule-A: alarm, call operator-C: contain-E: extinguish or evacateExtinguisher: PASS the extinguisher-Pull the pin-Aim at base-Squeeze -Sweep side to side

56
Q

Regulates disposal of waste…DOT HMR used in most labs…

A

EPADOT HMR: cat B-not in form cause harm/fatal, triple packing

57
Q

Federal law defines min wage, OT, how to be paid…-exempt versus nonexempt:Law prohibits discriimination, Title 7:Law that prohibits discriminatin w/disabilities:Law that allow for continued health insurance when retire/resign/laid off/chage to PT…Law that protects health insurance when changing jobs and protects health info…

A

Federal law defines min wage, OT, how to be paid…Fair Labor Std Act-exempt: salary, nonexempt hourlyLaw prohibit discriimination,Title 7: Civil rightLaw that prohibits discriminatin w/disabilities: Americeans Disabilities actLaw that allow for continued health insurance when retire/resign/laid off/chage to PT…COBRA 18/36mthsLaw that protects health insurance when changing jobs and protects health info…-Health Insurance Portability and Accountablity Act

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