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CHEM110 > EXAM 2: 08 Molecules In 3d > Flashcards

EXAM 2: 08 Molecules In 3d Flashcards

1
Q

Electron domains are distributed around central atoms to minimize…

A

Electron-pair repulsion

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2
Q

What is the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model (VSEPR)

A

A model to represent the arrangement of atoms so that electron pairs are as far from each other as possible

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3
Q

What is the bond angle and shape name for AX2

A

180 angle
Linear shape

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4
Q

What is the bond angle and shape name of AX3 (three bonding partners)

A

Trigonal Planar geometry
120 angles

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5
Q

What is the bond angle and shape for AX4 (four bonding partners)

A

Tetrahedral
109.5 angle

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6
Q

What is the bond angle and shape of AX5

A

Trigonal bipyramid
120 angles between equatorial bonds
90 angles between any pair of equatorial and axial bonds

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7
Q

What is an equatorial bond

A

The three bonds that are arranged in a trigonal plane in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry

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8
Q

What is an axial bond

A

Two bonds that form an axis perpendicular to the trigonal plane
- pointing toward the apexes of the pyramids

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9
Q

What is the bond angle and shape name of AX6

A

Octahedron
Bond angles are 90 or 180

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10
Q

What do canonical structures represent

A

The optimal possible spatial arrangement of atoms bonded to the central atom

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11
Q

What is steric number

A

The number of electron domains around any central atom

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12
Q

What is the difference between electron-domain geometry and molecular geometry

A

Electron geometry is the arrangement and number of electron groups while molecular geometry depends on the number of electron groups and the number of lone pairs
- molecular geometry is more specific

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13
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 2 and zero lone pairs

A

Linear

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14
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 3 and zero lone pairs

A

Trigonal planar

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15
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 3 and one being a lone pair

A

Bent

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16
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 4 with zero lone pairs

A

Tetrahedral

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17
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 4, one being a lone pair

A

Trigonal pyramidal

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18
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 4, two being lone pairs

A

Bent

19
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 5 and zero lone pairs

A

Trigonal bipyramidal

20
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 5, one being a lone pair

A

Seesaw

21
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 5 and two lone pairs

A

T-shape

22
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 5 and three lone pairs

A

Linear

23
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 6 and zero lone pairs

A

Octahedral

24
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 6 and one lone pairs

A

Square pyramidal

25
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a steric number of 6 and two lone pairs

A

Square planar

26
Q

What tells us the electron domain geometry

A

The steric number
Only 5 options: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal or octahedral

27
Q

What does the molecular geometry depend on

A

The number of nonbonding pairs
(Cannot determine bond angles for lone pairs)

28
Q

Molecules with a steric number of 3 can have what molecular geometries

A

Trigonal planar or bent

29
Q

Molecules with a steric number of 4 can have molecular geometries of

A

Tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, or bent

30
Q

What are the possible molecular geometries of molecules with a steric number of 5

A

Trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw, t-shaped, or linear

31
Q

Are nonbonding domains more or less repulsive than bonding domains

A

More repulsive

32
Q

What are the possible molecular geometries of molecules with a steric number of 6

A

Octahedral, square pyramidal or square planar

33
Q

Is the repulsion caused by lone pair electron domains greater or less than the repulsion caused by multiple bond domains

A

Greater

34
Q

Are multiple bonds more or less repulsive than single bonds

A

Somewhat more repulsive, although less than lone pair

35
Q

Molecules with a steric number or 3 have bond angles close to the canonical angle of…

A

120

36
Q

Molecules with a steric number of 4 have bond angles close to the canonical angle of…

A

109.5

37
Q

Molecules with a steric number of 5 have bond angles close to the canonical angles of…

A

90 and 120

38
Q

Molecules with a steric number of 6 have bond angles near the canonical angle of..

A

90

39
Q

Molecules are polar if..

A

They have polar bonds and a geometry such that their bond dipoles do not cancel each other out

40
Q

What are the two conditions that have to be satisfied for a molecule to show a net dipole moment

A
  1. The molecule has to have polar bonds, i.e. bonds between atoms of differing electronegativity. The larger the electronegativity difference, the bigger the magnitude of the resulting bond dipoles.
  2. The bond dipoles must not cancel. The bond dipole moments are vectors that have magnitude and direction. The magnitude of the vectors is dictated by the electronegativity differences between bonded atoms. The relative spatial positions of the vectors and their orientation (the direction they points in) is determined by the 3d shape of the molecule
41
Q

Symmetrical molecules with identical atoms bonded to the central atom have ____ net dipole moments, even if they have polar bonds

A

NO!

42
Q

What shapes are symmetrical molecules where the bond dipoles cancel and the net dipole is zero

A

Linear, octahedral, square planar, trigonal planar and tetrahedral

43
Q

Along the lone pair axis, where are dipole moment vectors pointing

A

Away from the nucleus
Usually small contributions

44
Q

Molecular dipole moments are..

A

Vector sums of bond dipoles

CHEM110 (9 decks)

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