Nuclear And Particle Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

How is a linac arranged

A

Cylindrical metal tubes (electrodes) in a straight line

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2
Q

Why do linac electrodes increase in length

A

So particles spend the same amount of time in each, length increases with velocity

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3
Q

Explain the changing charges of linac electrodes

A

Adjacent electrodes are connected to the opposite polarity of an alternating voltage

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4
Q

How are electrons released into a linac

A

Thermionic emission

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5
Q

Where do particles accelerate in a linac

A

In the gaps due to the resultant force from the electric fields

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6
Q

What is the arrangement of a cyclotron

A

Two semicircular electrodes called dees with a gap between them

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7
Q

What runs perpendicular to the plane of the dees

A

A magnetic field

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8
Q

What’s runs across the dees

A

A high frequency alternating potential dofference

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9
Q

Why does the radius of the particle increase

A

The particles acceleration in the gap due to the resultant force from electric field

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10
Q

What happens when the particle crosses over from one dee

A

The electric field changes polarities

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11
Q

What is pair production

A

A photon is converted into an equal amount of matter and anti-matter

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12
Q

What is the condition of pair production

A

The photon must have more energy than the total rest energy of both particles

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13
Q

What is annihilation

A

A particle and it’s corresponding anti-particle collide, resulting in their masses converting into energy and move in opposite direction to conserve momentum

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14
Q

Three baryons

A

Proton, neutron and lambda particle

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15
Q

Two mesons

A

Pion and kaon

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16
Q

Three leptons

A

Electron, muon and tau

17
Q

How many quarks does a baryon have

A

3

18
Q

Meson structure

A

One quark + one anti-quark

19
Q

Proton structure

A

2 up quarks, 1 down quark

20
Q

Neutron structure

A

1 up quark, 2 down quarks