Ap Euro Term 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

***1789-1848

A

Romantic Era

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2
Q

***1815

A

The forces of conservatism and reaction dominate the Congress of Vienna

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3
Q

***1815-1914

A

the “Long Peace” in Europe between the Napoleonic Wars and the outbreak of WWI

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4
Q

***1776-1830

A

Era of Democratic Revolutions Sweep Across the New World and Western “Liberal” Europe

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5
Q

***1815-1848

A

The Age of Metternich–Reactionary Repression

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6
Q

***1819

A

Peterloo Massacre in Britain and the repressive Carslbad Decrees in the German States

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7
Q

1820’s

A

Both the conflict over the Monroe Doctrine and the Greek Revolution

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8
Q

1830

A

Revolutions in Europe

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9
Q

***19th Century

A

Post-Napoleonic Europe—Industrial Revolution

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10
Q

1815-1846

A

Corn Laws In Effect

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11
Q

***1832

A

Great Reform Bill in Britain

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12
Q

1830’s, 1840’s, 1850’s, 1860’s

A

Dickens was a voice of conscience for England during the Industrial Revolution in England

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13
Q

***1838-1848

A

Chartists in England call for universal suffrage

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14
Q

***1798–1848

A

Parson Malthus’s “Essay on Population” and David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages” rule the day as the “Manchester School” of economics dominates the “dismal science.

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15
Q

***1846

A

Repeal of Corn Laws in England

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16
Q

***1848

A

Chartists disband quietly considering it was the year of Revolutions

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17
Q

1884

A

Reform Bill

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18
Q

1850’s and beyond

A

Scramble for Africa

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19
Q

***1848

A

Revolution sweeps across Europe and Failure of liberal nationalism

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20
Q

***1848

A

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish their Communist Manifesto calling for “scientific socialism” and “dialectical materialism”

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21
Q

***1890’s

A

Fabian Socialist and Evolutionary Socialists Parties grow

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22
Q

***June 28, 1914

A

Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzigovina, Austrian-Hungarian Empire

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23
Q

***July 1914

A

July diplomatic crisis; blank check, ultimatum, Russian mobilization, Schlieffen Plan, Belgian neutrality

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24
Q

***August 1914

A

WWI begins—“Guns of August”

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25
Q

1915

A

Italy and Ottomans enter the fray

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26
Q

***1917

A

American enters war

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27
Q

***November 11, 1918

A

armistice is signed ended the fighting on the Western Front

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28
Q

***1919

A

Versailles Peace Conference

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29
Q

1898

A

Omdurman, Britain’s “White Man’s Burden” or France’s “Civilizing Mission”

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30
Q

1898

A

The Fabian Socialists agitate

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31
Q

1899-1902

A

Boer War in South Africa between Dutch settlers and British Army

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32
Q

1903

A

Emmaline Pankhurst challenges the Victorian Era’s cult of domesticity by forming a suffragette campaign

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33
Q

1904-05

A

Russo—Japanese War

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34
Q

***1905

A

“Bloody Sunday” the First Russian Revolution in Response to the Russo-Japanese Defeat

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35
Q

1912 and 1913

A

Balkans Wars shows the instability of the region known as the “powder keg” of Europe

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36
Q

***June 28, 1914

A

A member of the Pan-Serbian Gavrilo Princip of the “Black Hand” killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Habsburg Dynasty

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37
Q

***February 1917

A

Czar is overthrown and replaced by a provisional government

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38
Q

Nov. 1917

A

Provisional government under Kerensky toppled by Lenin and Trotsky and the Bolsheviks in the “Ten Days Which Shook the World”—the October Revolution

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39
Q

***1917—1921

A

Civil War between the Reds and Whites in Russia

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40
Q

***On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, 1918

A

the armistice ending hostilities is signed in a train car

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41
Q

January 1919

A

Spartacist Revolt of German communists in Germany led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg is brutally crushed by the Weimar government

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42
Q

1920

A

U.S. rejects the Versailles Treaty thus making the League of Nations rather impotent

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43
Q

***1922-1928

A

The New Economic Policy was launched by Lenin

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44
Q

1922

A

Mussolini and his Black Shirts seize control of the Italian government proclaim “Fascismo” after their March on Rome

45
Q

1923

A

Munich Beer Hall Putsch fails, but Hitler gains national attention and writes Mein Kampf.

45
Q

1923

A

Occupation of the industrial Ruhr valley by French and Belgian troops

46
Q

***1924

A

Lenin dies

47
Q

***1928

A

First 5 Year Plan for heavy industry was launched by Stalin in the USSR

48
Q

***1929-1930

A

Great Depression hits Europe

49
Q

***1933

A

Hitler is appointed Chancellor by the aging Hindenburg in Germany

50
Q

***1935

A

Mussolini ordered the invasion of Ethiopia to “Avenge Adowa”

51
Q

1936

A

Germany reoccupies the Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles

52
Q

***1936

A

Leon Blum, a socialist, leads the Popular Front in France

53
Q

***1936-39

A

Spanish Civil War

54
Q

***September of 1938

A

Munich Conference demonstrates British and French Appeasement Policy

55
Q

***March 1938

A

Anschluss—German occupied Austria

56
Q

November 9, 1938, two months after Munich

A

Kristallnacht

57
Q

November 9

A

“Destiny Day” in Germany

58
Q

***August of 1939

A

Nazi/Soviet Pact

58
Q

***Sept. 1, 1939

A

WWII begins with the invasion of Poland using

59
Q

***1940

A

Norway, Holland, Belgium, and even France are crushed

60
Q

***1942

A

The “Final Solution” of the Jewish Question was reached by Nazi leaders at the Gross Wannsee Conference

61
Q

***June 22, 1941

A

“Operation Barbarossa” is launched

62
Q

***Dec. 7, 1941

A

Pearl Harbor

63
Q

***1942-43

A

The tide of war turns and the Allies go on the offensive

64
Q

***June 6, 1944

A

D-Day

65
Q

***May 8, 1945

A

V-E Day

66
Q

***mid-1945

A

In the midst of the post V-E Day Potsdam Conference

67
Q

***1946

A

George Kennan writes a 10,000 word memo outlining containment policy and Churchill makes his “Iron Curtain” speech

68
Q

***1947

A

Truman Doctrine

69
Q

***1947-48

A

Marshall Plan

70
Q

1948

A

Czechoslovakia becomes communist after Jan Masaryk “falls” out of a window

71
Q

***1948

A

The Berlin Airlift leads to the creation of NATO and demonstrates containment policy and the hatred of the appeasement policy of the 1930’s

72
Q

***1947

A

India gained independence from Britain

73
Q

***1950’s and 1960’s

A

European Economic “miracle” in capitalistic Western Europe

74
Q

1952

A

The Benelux countries create the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

75
Q

***1954

A

The Vietnamese rebels defeat the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu

76
Q

1955

A

Warsaw Pact is established to oppose NATO

77
Q

***1956

A

Khrushchev makes his six-hour long “secret speech” in front of the communist international (COMINTERN) which is highly critical of Stalin’s excesses

78
Q

***1956

A

Imre Nagy, formerly labeled a Titoist, leads a movement in Hungary to become more independent from Moscow

79
Q

***1957

A

Treaty of Rome establishes the European Union or European Economic Community

80
Q

***1958

A

The Algerian Crisis causes the French 4th Republic to crumble

81
Q

***1961

A

Berlin Wall is erected

82
Q

***1962

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

83
Q

1964

A

Khrushchev is removed from power for his inability to satisfy hardline conservatives in the ruling military and party political machines operating behind the scenes in the Soviet version of court intrigue

84
Q

***1968

A

“Prague Spring” is crushed by Russian tanks under the order of Leonid Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine

85
Q

1968

A

Willy Brandt, former mayor of Berlin, is elected Chancellor of the West German government

86
Q

1973

A

Détente in the Cold War

87
Q

1970’s

A

stagflation

88
Q

1970’s

A

terrorism in Europe–bigtime

89
Q

***1979

A

The Soviet invaded Afghanistan ending Détente and bringing the U.S. boycott of the Summer Olympics

90
Q

***1979

A

Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher is elected Prime Minister of Britain and begins a Conservative Revolution

91
Q

***1979

A

Solidarity Movement under Lech Walesa is launched

92
Q

***1979-1989

A

Soviet disastrous invasion of Afghanistan causes Muslim community to launch a jihad against the ‘Godless” usurper

93
Q

***1985

A

Gorbachev is elected premier of the Soviet Union and begins his policies of glasnot (openness) and perestroika (restructuring of industry, law, and government)

94
Q

***1988-89

A

The Velvet Revolutions lead to the overthrow of communist government in Eastern Europe

95
Q

November 1989

A

Berlin Wall is toppled

96
Q

***1990

A

Germany reunified

97
Q

***1991

A

Fall of the Soviet Union

98
Q

Early 1990’s

A

Former Maine Senator, Majority Leader in the U.S. Senate and Bowdoin College graduate attempts to help broker a peace between the Sinn Fein (political branch of the Irish Republican Army) and the British

99
Q

***1994-95

A

Ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia

100
Q

***1990’s

A

Russians fight against the former Islamic Republic of Azerbaijan resulting in a nasty war

101
Q

***1990’s

A

former Soviet bloc countries begin to apply for membership in EU and in NATO

102
Q

1990’s

A

-Yeltsin takes over until he is replaced by Putin
-Germany economy struggles to integrate E. German and W. German economies
-dismemberment of former Soviet (previously Romanov) Empire into ethnic component parts
-Russia riddled with corruption as it struggles to convert to free market capitalism
-Irish economy booms in “tech sector”

103
Q

1990’s-present

A

Europe experiences huge growth in Islamic community

104
Q

***1990’s

A

Eastern European states struggle to convert to free market capitalism and democracy

105
Q

***September 11, 2001

A

terrorists combined with weapons of mass destruction become the new scourge of the twenty-first century

106
Q

***2008-2009

A

Great Recession

107
Q

***2009-2024

A

rise of right wing populist authoritarianism who oppose immigration, globalization, and want a return to “traditional values”.