Ap Euro Term 3 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
***1789-1848
A
Romantic Era
2
Q
***1815
A
The forces of conservatism and reaction dominate the Congress of Vienna
3
Q
***1815-1914
A
the “Long Peace” in Europe between the Napoleonic Wars and the outbreak of WWI
4
Q
***1776-1830
A
Era of Democratic Revolutions Sweep Across the New World and Western “Liberal” Europe
5
Q
***1815-1848
A
The Age of Metternich–Reactionary Repression
6
Q
***1819
A
Peterloo Massacre in Britain and the repressive Carslbad Decrees in the German States
7
Q
1820’s
A
Both the conflict over the Monroe Doctrine and the Greek Revolution
8
Q
1830
A
Revolutions in Europe
9
Q
***19th Century
A
Post-Napoleonic Europe—Industrial Revolution
10
Q
1815-1846
A
Corn Laws In Effect
11
Q
***1832
A
Great Reform Bill in Britain
12
Q
1830’s, 1840’s, 1850’s, 1860’s
A
Dickens was a voice of conscience for England during the Industrial Revolution in England
13
Q
***1838-1848
A
Chartists in England call for universal suffrage
14
Q
***1798–1848
A
Parson Malthus’s “Essay on Population” and David Ricardo’s “Iron Law of Wages” rule the day as the “Manchester School” of economics dominates the “dismal science.
15
Q
***1846
A
Repeal of Corn Laws in England
16
Q
***1848
A
Chartists disband quietly considering it was the year of Revolutions
17
Q
1884
A
Reform Bill
18
Q
1850’s and beyond
A
Scramble for Africa
19
Q
***1848
A
Revolution sweeps across Europe and Failure of liberal nationalism
20
Q
***1848
A
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish their Communist Manifesto calling for “scientific socialism” and “dialectical materialism”
21
Q
***1890’s
A
Fabian Socialist and Evolutionary Socialists Parties grow
22
Q
***June 28, 1914
A
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzigovina, Austrian-Hungarian Empire
23
Q
***July 1914
A
July diplomatic crisis; blank check, ultimatum, Russian mobilization, Schlieffen Plan, Belgian neutrality
24
Q
***August 1914
A
WWI begins—“Guns of August”
25
1915
Italy and Ottomans enter the fray
26
***1917
American enters war
27
***November 11, 1918
armistice is signed ended the fighting on the Western Front
28
***1919
Versailles Peace Conference
29
1898
Omdurman, Britain’s “White Man’s Burden” or France’s “Civilizing Mission”
30
1898
The Fabian Socialists agitate
31
1899-1902
Boer War in South Africa between Dutch settlers and British Army
32
1903
Emmaline Pankhurst challenges the Victorian Era’s cult of domesticity by forming a suffragette campaign
33
1904-05
Russo—Japanese War
34
***1905
“Bloody Sunday” the First Russian Revolution in Response to the Russo-Japanese Defeat
35
1912 and 1913
Balkans Wars shows the instability of the region known as the “powder keg” of Europe
36
***June 28, 1914
A member of the Pan-Serbian Gavrilo Princip of the “Black Hand” killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Habsburg Dynasty
37
***February 1917
Czar is overthrown and replaced by a provisional government
38
Nov. 1917
Provisional government under Kerensky toppled by Lenin and Trotsky and the Bolsheviks in the “Ten Days Which Shook the World”---the October Revolution
39
***1917—1921
Civil War between the Reds and Whites in Russia
40
***On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, 1918
the armistice ending hostilities is signed in a train car
41
January 1919
Spartacist Revolt of German communists in Germany led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg is brutally crushed by the Weimar government
42
1920
U.S. rejects the Versailles Treaty thus making the League of Nations rather impotent
43
***1922-1928
The New Economic Policy was launched by Lenin
44
1922
Mussolini and his Black Shirts seize control of the Italian government proclaim “Fascismo” after their March on Rome
45
1923
Munich Beer Hall Putsch fails, but Hitler gains national attention and writes Mein Kampf.
45
1923
Occupation of the industrial Ruhr valley by French and Belgian troops
46
***1924
Lenin dies
47
***1928
First 5 Year Plan for heavy industry was launched by Stalin in the USSR
48
***1929-1930
Great Depression hits Europe
49
***1933
Hitler is appointed Chancellor by the aging Hindenburg in Germany
50
***1935
Mussolini ordered the invasion of Ethiopia to “Avenge Adowa”
51
1936
Germany reoccupies the Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles
52
***1936
Leon Blum, a socialist, leads the Popular Front in France
53
***1936-39
Spanish Civil War
54
***September of 1938
Munich Conference demonstrates British and French Appeasement Policy
55
***March 1938
Anschluss---German occupied Austria
56
November 9, 1938, two months after Munich
Kristallnacht
57
November 9
“Destiny Day” in Germany
58
***August of 1939
Nazi/Soviet Pact
58
***Sept. 1, 1939
WWII begins with the invasion of Poland using
59
***1940
Norway, Holland, Belgium, and even France are crushed
60
***1942
The “Final Solution” of the Jewish Question was reached by Nazi leaders at the Gross Wannsee Conference
61
***June 22, 1941
“Operation Barbarossa” is launched
62
***Dec. 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor
63
***1942-43
The tide of war turns and the Allies go on the offensive
64
***June 6, 1944
D-Day
65
***May 8, 1945
V-E Day
66
***mid-1945
In the midst of the post V-E Day Potsdam Conference
67
***1946
George Kennan writes a 10,000 word memo outlining containment policy and Churchill makes his “Iron Curtain” speech
68
***1947
Truman Doctrine
69
***1947-48
Marshall Plan
70
1948
Czechoslovakia becomes communist after Jan Masaryk “falls” out of a window
71
***1948
The Berlin Airlift leads to the creation of NATO and demonstrates containment policy and the hatred of the appeasement policy of the 1930’s
72
***1947
India gained independence from Britain
73
***1950’s and 1960’s
European Economic “miracle” in capitalistic Western Europe
74
1952
The Benelux countries create the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
75
***1954
The Vietnamese rebels defeat the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu
76
1955
Warsaw Pact is established to oppose NATO
77
***1956
Khrushchev makes his six-hour long “secret speech” in front of the communist international (COMINTERN) which is highly critical of Stalin’s excesses
78
***1956
Imre Nagy, formerly labeled a Titoist, leads a movement in Hungary to become more independent from Moscow
79
***1957
Treaty of Rome establishes the European Union or European Economic Community
80
***1958
The Algerian Crisis causes the French 4th Republic to crumble
81
***1961
Berlin Wall is erected
82
***1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
83
1964
Khrushchev is removed from power for his inability to satisfy hardline conservatives in the ruling military and party political machines operating behind the scenes in the Soviet version of court intrigue
84
***1968
“Prague Spring” is crushed by Russian tanks under the order of Leonid Brezhnev and the Brezhnev Doctrine
85
1968
Willy Brandt, former mayor of Berlin, is elected Chancellor of the West German government
86
1973
Détente in the Cold War
87
1970’s
stagflation
88
1970’s
terrorism in Europe--bigtime
89
***1979
The Soviet invaded Afghanistan ending Détente and bringing the U.S. boycott of the Summer Olympics
90
***1979
Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher is elected Prime Minister of Britain and begins a Conservative Revolution
91
***1979
Solidarity Movement under Lech Walesa is launched
92
***1979-1989
Soviet disastrous invasion of Afghanistan causes Muslim community to launch a jihad against the ‘Godless” usurper
93
***1985
Gorbachev is elected premier of the Soviet Union and begins his policies of glasnot (openness) and perestroika (restructuring of industry, law, and government)
94
***1988-89
The Velvet Revolutions lead to the overthrow of communist government in Eastern Europe
95
November 1989
Berlin Wall is toppled
96
***1990
Germany reunified
97
***1991
Fall of the Soviet Union
98
Early 1990’s
Former Maine Senator, Majority Leader in the U.S. Senate and Bowdoin College graduate attempts to help broker a peace between the Sinn Fein (political branch of the Irish Republican Army) and the British
99
***1994-95
Ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia
100
***1990’s
Russians fight against the former Islamic Republic of Azerbaijan resulting in a nasty war
101
***1990’s
former Soviet bloc countries begin to apply for membership in EU and in NATO
102
1990’s
-Yeltsin takes over until he is replaced by Putin
-Germany economy struggles to integrate E. German and W. German economies
-dismemberment of former Soviet (previously Romanov) Empire into ethnic component parts
-Russia riddled with corruption as it struggles to convert to free market capitalism
-Irish economy booms in “tech sector”
103
1990’s-present
Europe experiences huge growth in Islamic community
104
***1990’s
Eastern European states struggle to convert to free market capitalism and democracy
105
***September 11, 2001
terrorists combined with weapons of mass destruction become the new scourge of the twenty-first century
106
***2008-2009
Great Recession
107
***2009-2024
rise of right wing populist authoritarianism who oppose immigration, globalization, and want a return to “traditional values”.
