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Ap Euro Dates > Ap Euro Term 1 > Flashcards

Ap Euro Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

13th Century

A

Aristotle’s Children in Spain re-examine the works of Aristotle

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2
Q

14th Century

A

Petrarch, “The Father of the Humanists”, defends secular humanism

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3
Q

***14th Century-1527

A

roughly the Italian Renaissance—Europe begins “modernization”—individualism, humanism, realism, secularism, skepticism

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4
Q

***1453

A

Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks ends the Byzantine Empire and Moscow becomes the “3rd Rome ‘’ for Eastern Orthodox Christians

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5
Q

***1452

A

Gutenberg publishes the Bible on a printing press–1st Printing press in the West. Along with the use of the vernacular, this makes literacy increase

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5
Q

1453-1485

A

War of the Roses in England

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6
Q

1469

A

Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile begins the process of Spanish unification

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7
Q

***1492

A

”RECONQUISTA” or “reconquest” of Spain is completed by the Roman Catholic monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella who began the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain; beginning of Spanish policy of religious orthodoxy

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8
Q

***1492

A

Columbus sailed the ocean blue marking the beginning of Spanish colonization in the New World during the Era of Exploration, Expansion and Exploitation

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9
Q

***1513

A

Machiavelli published The Prince, an illustrative example of realism and secularism in the Renaissance

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10
Q

***1516

A

Erasmus, “The Prince of Humanists”, an example of the Northern Christian Humanists publishes his Praise of Folly

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11
Q

***1200-1700

A

Witchcraft craze in Europe

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12
Q

***1500’s or 16th Century

A

Price Revolution

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13
Q

***1517

A

Protestant Reformation Begins as Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses

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14
Q

1498

A

The great Roman Catholic zealot Savonarola is burned at the stake following his attempt to rid Florence of the excesses of Renaissance materialism

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15
Q

***1521—1648

A

Era of Religious Wars in Europe

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16
Q

***1524-26

A

German Peasants’ Revolt inspired by Protestant Reformation ends in failure as the princes/aristocrats reassert serfdom in the Holy Roman Empire

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17
Q

***1527

A

Sack of Rome is usually used to mark the “end” of the Italian Renaissance and the transfer of the center of Europe from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic

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18
Q

***1529

A

The Ottoman Turks lay siege to Vienna thereby distracting the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V (remember the “repeating map”) from prosecuting his war against the rebellious Lutherans within his empire

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19
Q

***1530’s

A

Henry VIII of England is an example of the “New Monarchs” who take power away from the nobility by:
centralizing taxation with the establishment of monarchical bureaucracies,
monopolization of force within a nation,
creation of Royal Courts

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20
Q

***1492-1800

A

Slave trade increases dramatically

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21
Q

***1517-1648

A

Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter Reformation

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22
Q

**1534

A

Protestantism comes to England as Henry VIII seeks a divorce and establishes a state controlled Church of England (a.k.a. Anglican Church)

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23
Q

1536

A

John Calvin begins working to reform the city of Geneva

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24
Q

***1540

A

Loyola’s “Society of Jesus”, or Jesuits, is recognized as an integral part of the Catholic Reformation

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25
Q

***1545-63

A

Council of Trent meets to decide how to reform the Catholic Church

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26
Q

1546-55

A

Schmalkaldic Wars batter Germany

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27
Q

***1555

A

Peace of Augsburg ended the civil wars in Germany round I

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28
Q

1556

A

The Hapsburg lands are split between Philip II of the Spanish Branch and Ferdinand I of the Austrian branch

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29
Q

***1567

A

Dutch Wars of Independence and Religion against Philip II

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29
Q

1553-1558

A

“Bloody Mary’s” attempts to re-Catholicize England backfires when the burning of over three hundred Protestants proves to rather unpopular

30
Q

***1598

A

Edict of Nantes gives French Huguenots religious rights ending the French Wars of Religion

30
Q

***1588

A

The Spanish Armada Fails in Its Crusade Against Protestant Elizabethan England

31
Q

***1562—1598

A

The French Civil Wars of Religion and Politics

32
Q

1603

A

Stuarts Family Comes to Power in England and Begins a Century of Political and Religious Conflict

33
Q

***1598

A

Philip II “The Most Catholic Monarch’’ of Spain dies

34
Q

1628

A

The English Parliament passes the Petition of Right against the wishes of Charles I

35
Q

***1639-1646

A

English Civil War round I erupts

36
Q

1648-1658

A

Puritanical Protestant Oliver Cromwell rules over the “Commonwealth Period” in English history

37
Q

1649

A

-Charles I is executed
-A group of English Radicals called Levelers demand equal suffrage

38
Q

***1651

A

Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan in opposition to the English Civil War and supporting SECULAR ABSOLUTISM

39
Q

1660-1688

A

Stuart Restoration in England

40
Q

1660

A

The English public tires of Puritan rule and the Stuarts are restored to the throne

41
Q

***1688, 1689

A

Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights

42
Q

***1688

A

John Locke publishes his Second Treatise on Government

43
Q

***1648

A

Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War

44
Q

1618

A

-Defenestration of Prague Begins Round Two of Religious and Civil War in HRE

45
Q

***1598-1661

A

17th century France following the Edict of Nantes until Louis XIV—Consolidation of Monarchical Authority

46
Q

1650’s

A

Cardinal Mazarin who ruthlessly employs “divide and conquer” methods against the rebellious nobility quells The French Fronde, or rebellion against the authority of the King

47
Q

***1661-1715

A

Louis XIV assumes personal direction of his affairs and begins his reign as the “Sun King”

48
Q

***1543-1680’s

A

Age of Genius: Scientific Revolution

49
Q

***1543

A

Copernicus challenges the Aristotelian view of the universe

50
Q

***1642

A

Galileo dies and Newton is born indicating the growing and evolving Scientific Revolution

51
Q

17th Century

A

Known as the Century of Genius as Bacon, Descartes lead the path toward a greater understanding of the universe—Scientific Revolution

52
Q

1687

A

Newton publishes “Principia”—proving heliocentric theory using calculus

53
Q

1652

A

The master artist Rembrandt of Holland is symbolic of the glory days of the Dutch state

54
Q

1650-1700

A

Golden Age of Holland and Sweden

55
Q

1492-mid-19th century

A

Slave trade makes many a Christian extremely wealthy

56
Q

***1683

A

Ottoman Turks laid siege to Vienna before Leopold I, Habsburg ruler begins to push the Turks back through the Danube River basin marks the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans Peninsula

57
Q

***1450-1650 and beyond

A

The Commercial Revolution

58
Q

***1689-1789

A

The Era of Enlightenment or Age of Reason

58
Q

***1776

A

Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations

59
Q

***1689

A

English Bill of Rights

59
Q

1712-1778

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

60
Q

***1701-1713

A

Wars of Spanish Succession

61
Q

***1713

A

Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession benefits the English, Prussians, and other members of the Grand Alliance opposing the “Sun King.”

62
Q

Early 18th Century in England

A

Walpole becomes leader of government as de facto Prime Minister as England develops Party Politics

63
Q

***1698-1725

A

Peter the Great Begins Westernization of Russia

64
Q

1700-1721

A

Great Northern War between Swedes and Russia ends with Russian expansion and emergence as the Great Baltic power

65
Q

1713

A

The Pragmatic Sanction is signed

66
Q

***1740

A

-Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria come to their respective Hohenzollern and Habsburg thrones and begin German dualisms duel

67
Q

1740-1748

A

War of Austrian Succession between Frederick’s Prussia and Maria Theresa’s Austria begins

68
Q

***18th century

A

Rococo Art and Mozart

69
Q

1756

A

Diplomatic Revolution

70
Q

1756-63

A

The Seven Years War (known as the French and Indian War in North America) is fought showing colonial rivalries

71
Q

***1780-1790

A

Reign of Josef II of Austria

Ap Euro Dates (3 decks)

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