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Ap Euro Dates > Ap Euro Term 1 > Flashcards

Ap Euro Term 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

13th Century

A

Aristotle’s Children in Spain re-examine the works of Aristotle

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2
Q

14th Century

A

Petrarch, “The Father of the Humanists”, defends secular humanism

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3
Q

***14th Century-1527

A

roughly the Italian Renaissance—Europe begins “modernization”—individualism, humanism, realism, secularism, skepticism

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4
Q

***1453

A

Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks ends the Byzantine Empire and Moscow becomes the “3rd Rome ‘’ for Eastern Orthodox Christians

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5
Q

***1452

A

Gutenberg publishes the Bible on a printing press–1st Printing press in the West. Along with the use of the vernacular, this makes literacy increase

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5
Q

1453-1485

A

War of the Roses in England

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6
Q

1469

A

Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile begins the process of Spanish unification

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7
Q

***1492

A

”RECONQUISTA” or “reconquest” of Spain is completed by the Roman Catholic monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella who began the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain; beginning of Spanish policy of religious orthodoxy

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8
Q

***1492

A

Columbus sailed the ocean blue marking the beginning of Spanish colonization in the New World during the Era of Exploration, Expansion and Exploitation

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9
Q

***1513

A

Machiavelli published The Prince, an illustrative example of realism and secularism in the Renaissance

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10
Q

***1516

A

Erasmus, “The Prince of Humanists”, an example of the Northern Christian Humanists publishes his Praise of Folly

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11
Q

***1200-1700

A

Witchcraft craze in Europe

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12
Q

***1500’s or 16th Century

A

Price Revolution

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13
Q

***1517

A

Protestant Reformation Begins as Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses

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14
Q

1498

A

The great Roman Catholic zealot Savonarola is burned at the stake following his attempt to rid Florence of the excesses of Renaissance materialism

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15
Q

***1521—1648

A

Era of Religious Wars in Europe

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16
Q

***1524-26

A

German Peasants’ Revolt inspired by Protestant Reformation ends in failure as the princes/aristocrats reassert serfdom in the Holy Roman Empire

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17
Q

***1527

A

Sack of Rome is usually used to mark the “end” of the Italian Renaissance and the transfer of the center of Europe from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic

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18
Q

***1529

A

The Ottoman Turks lay siege to Vienna thereby distracting the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V (remember the “repeating map”) from prosecuting his war against the rebellious Lutherans within his empire

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19
Q

***1530’s

A

Henry VIII of England is an example of the “New Monarchs” who take power away from the nobility by:
centralizing taxation with the establishment of monarchical bureaucracies,
monopolization of force within a nation,
creation of Royal Courts

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20
Q

***1492-1800

A

Slave trade increases dramatically

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21
Q

***1517-1648

A

Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter Reformation

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22
Q

**1534

A

Protestantism comes to England as Henry VIII seeks a divorce and establishes a state controlled Church of England (a.k.a. Anglican Church)

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23
Q

1536

A

John Calvin begins working to reform the city of Geneva

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24
***1540
Loyola’s “Society of Jesus”, or Jesuits, is recognized as an integral part of the Catholic Reformation
25
***1545-63
Council of Trent meets to decide how to reform the Catholic Church
26
1546-55
Schmalkaldic Wars batter Germany
27
***1555
Peace of Augsburg ended the civil wars in Germany round I
28
1556
The Hapsburg lands are split between Philip II of the Spanish Branch and Ferdinand I of the Austrian branch
29
***1567
Dutch Wars of Independence and Religion against Philip II
29
1553-1558
“Bloody Mary’s” attempts to re-Catholicize England backfires when the burning of over three hundred Protestants proves to rather unpopular
30
***1598
Edict of Nantes gives French Huguenots religious rights ending the French Wars of Religion
30
***1588
The Spanish Armada Fails in Its Crusade Against Protestant Elizabethan England
31
***1562—1598
The French Civil Wars of Religion and Politics
32
1603
Stuarts Family Comes to Power in England and Begins a Century of Political and Religious Conflict
33
***1598
Philip II “The Most Catholic Monarch'' of Spain dies
34
1628
The English Parliament passes the Petition of Right against the wishes of Charles I
35
***1639-1646
English Civil War round I erupts
36
1648-1658
Puritanical Protestant Oliver Cromwell rules over the “Commonwealth Period” in English history
37
1649
-Charles I is executed -A group of English Radicals called Levelers demand equal suffrage
38
***1651
Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan in opposition to the English Civil War and supporting SECULAR ABSOLUTISM
39
1660-1688
Stuart Restoration in England
40
1660
The English public tires of Puritan rule and the Stuarts are restored to the throne
41
***1688, 1689
Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights
42
***1688
John Locke publishes his Second Treatise on Government
43
***1648
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War
44
1618
-Defenestration of Prague Begins Round Two of Religious and Civil War in HRE
45
***1598-1661
17th century France following the Edict of Nantes until Louis XIV---Consolidation of Monarchical Authority
46
1650’s
Cardinal Mazarin who ruthlessly employs “divide and conquer” methods against the rebellious nobility quells The French Fronde, or rebellion against the authority of the King
47
***1661-1715
Louis XIV assumes personal direction of his affairs and begins his reign as the “Sun King”
48
***1543-1680’s
Age of Genius: Scientific Revolution
49
***1543
Copernicus challenges the Aristotelian view of the universe
50
***1642
Galileo dies and Newton is born indicating the growing and evolving Scientific Revolution
51
17th Century
Known as the Century of Genius as Bacon, Descartes lead the path toward a greater understanding of the universe---Scientific Revolution
52
1687
Newton publishes “Principia”---proving heliocentric theory using calculus
53
1652
The master artist Rembrandt of Holland is symbolic of the glory days of the Dutch state
54
1650-1700
Golden Age of Holland and Sweden
55
1492-mid-19th century
Slave trade makes many a Christian extremely wealthy
56
***1683
Ottoman Turks laid siege to Vienna before Leopold I, Habsburg ruler begins to push the Turks back through the Danube River basin marks the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans Peninsula
57
***1450-1650 and beyond
The Commercial Revolution
58
***1689-1789
The Era of Enlightenment or Age of Reason
58
***1776
Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
59
***1689
English Bill of Rights
59
1712-1778
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
60
***1701-1713
Wars of Spanish Succession
61
***1713
Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession benefits the English, Prussians, and other members of the Grand Alliance opposing the “Sun King.”
62
Early 18th Century in England
Walpole becomes leader of government as de facto Prime Minister as England develops Party Politics
63
***1698-1725
Peter the Great Begins Westernization of Russia
64
1700-1721
Great Northern War between Swedes and Russia ends with Russian expansion and emergence as the Great Baltic power
65
1713
The Pragmatic Sanction is signed
66
***1740
-Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria come to their respective Hohenzollern and Habsburg thrones and begin German dualisms duel
67
1740-1748
War of Austrian Succession between Frederick’s Prussia and Maria Theresa’s Austria begins
68
***18th century
Rococo Art and Mozart
69
1756
Diplomatic Revolution
70
1756-63
The Seven Years War (known as the French and Indian War in North America) is fought showing colonial rivalries
71
***1780-1790
Reign of Josef II of Austria

Ap Euro Dates (3 decks)

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