Progressivism in the Roosevelt - Taft Era 1901-1912

Question 1

Earlier Reforms Prior to 1901
Populists 1890’s

Answer 1

United farmers and laborers in an effort to help benefit the lesser of society, two large groups of the American population that weren’t benefitting as much during the gilded age

Question 2

Earlier Reforms Prior to 1901
Social Gospel

Answer 2

Taking lessons of Christianity and applying it to Urban issues of the day. Salvation army and YMCA’s

Question 3

Earlier Reforms Prior to 1901
1890’s writers

Answer 3

Henry Lloyd “wealth against commonwealth” 1890
Jacob Riss “How the other Half Lives” 1890

Question 4

Earlier Reforms Prior to 1901
Purpose

Answer 4

Era of reform where they sought to address the problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration

Question 5

Earlier Reforms Prior to 1901
Middle class and Blue bloods

Answer 5

Displaced by the industrialists, loosing their status, and dropping the rich down a notch. Middle class is afraid of class warfare, wanting to lessen the anger of the poor

Question 6

Journalists/Muchrakers

Answer 6

Bringing up the ugliness of society. Felt the government should take care of these issues for them

Question 7

Journalists/Muchrakers
Notables- Lincoln Steffens 1902

Answer 7

Corruption of City Politics, Shame of the Cities

Question 8

Journalists/Muchrakers
Notables- Ida Tarbell

Answer 8

Dad was put out by Rockefeller. “History of Standard Oil 1904, writes about the horros of guys like rockefeller

Question 9

Journalists/Muchrakers
Notables- David Phillips

Answer 9

“The Treason of the Senate” 1906
Various problems with senator corruption

Question 10

Journalists/Muchrakers
Notables- Ray Stannard Baker

Answer 10

“Following the COlor line “1908. Highliting segregation formed from Jim crow laws

Question 11

Journalists/Muchrakers
Notables- Ida B Wells Barnett

Answer 11

“SOuthern Horros: Lynch Law in all its phases” 1892. Lynching in the south, mobs of men killing African American men and not given a fair trial.

Question 12

Journalists/Muchrakers
Purpose

Answer 12

Create public outcry. They don’t offer a plan of their own. Hoped more involvement of the middle class in the government. Encourages people to get more involved.

Question 13

Political goals under TR
Direct Primary, Secret Ballot, Direct election of senators

Answer 13

Helps remove corruption and tainting of votes. Direct primary means you get to cote on who specifically gets to run for higher office. Secret ballots keep political machines from hurting those voting the way they want them too. Direct election of senators stops them from getting nominated by state legislatures incase they are corrupt. The people vote instead.

Question 14

Political goals under TR
Initiatives

Answer 14

Initiatives come from the people, getting votes and signatures for a bill they want passed. Cuts out the politicians entirely and gives the people a voice. Keeps the corruption out of it.

Question 15

Political goals under TR
Referendum

Answer 15

Idea or issue written by legislature that is then given to the people as a referendum on the ballot so they can vote for it

Question 16

Political goals under TR
Recall

Answer 16

This is how they get rid of state officials if they’re not doing their jobs well. Gives the people a second vote.

Question 17

Political goals under TR
Women’s suffrage

Answer 17

Clamp down on temperance, child labor, getting rid of corruption

Question 18

Political Goals under TR
Reforms in the City Gov.

Answer 18

Take away power from the immigrants and party bosses. They give power to city comissioners and city managers. These professionals run cities and put them back together. Tries to keep parties out of city governments.

Question 19

Constitutional Successes
16th Amendment 1913

Answer 19

Graduated income tax, based on income for the rich. Succeeds in bringing down the power of the wealthy

Question 20

Constitutional Successes
17th Amendment 1913

Answer 20

Direct election of senators

Question 21

Constitutional Successes
18th Amendment 1919

Answer 21

Temperance. Brings the poor up. Affects the immigrant community because they’re heavy drinkers.

Question 22

Constitutional Successes
19th Amendment 1920

Answer 22

Women aren’t denied the right to vote

Question 23

Women
Triangle Shirtwaist company fire 1911

Answer 23

Women in this shirtwaist company weren’t allowed to leave, on the highest floors of the building in Manhattan. There was a fire that broke out and many were killed because their hallways, elevators, and stairways weren’t regulated. Many jumped through windows to their death. 146 women died. They were able to pass child labor laws, sanitation and safety regulations because of this.

Question 24

Women
Muller V. Oregon 1908

Answer 24

Supreme court says it is ok to protect women from cruel working conditions. This pushes women out of the workforce even more, making it seem like it was men’s jobs to do these jobs.

Question 25

Women
WCT and Anti-saloon League

Answer 25

Women’s Christian temperance and anti-saloon league makes alcohol prohibited

Question 26

TR’s Conservation
Square Deal

Answer 26

Focuses on conservation, enforcing Anti-trust acts, regulates business monopolies, support progressive ideals

Question 27

TR’s Conservation
Labor- Anthracite Coal Strike

Answer 27

Roosevelt sides wit hthe labor union. Minors want a 9 hour day and 20% increase in pay. With winter approaching and coal being a large part of the strike, along with steal workers, they don’t want people to freeze. The managers don’t want to recognize the unions, but TR strikes a deal. The laborers get their cuts and go back to work, but they’re not legally recognized as a union.

Question 28

TR’s Conservation
Department of Labor and Commerce 1903

Answer 28

This regulates improper trusts, and aids government with labor related issues

Question 29

TR’s Conservation
Trusts

Answer 29

Accepts importance of how it can lower cost of gods/economically friendly. Bad trusts believes they have more power than the government and abuse it. TR attacks Northern Securities Company under JP Morgan for hampering society. Passes the Elkins act 1903, providing have fines for companies found to give secret rebates. Hepburn act 1906 creates interstate commerce comission, watching over commerce. Nullifies heavy shipping rates, helping the middle and poor

Question 30

TR’s Conservation
Consumer safety

Answer 30

meat packing calls for big change under Upton Sinclair’s “the Jungle” 1906. Creates Meat inspection act 1906, federal inspection of meat across state lines. Pure Food and Drug act 1906. Protects against mislabeling

Question 31

TR’s Conservation
Department of the interior

Answer 31

Focuses on conservation of land. IN conflict with the Sierra club who want to preserve the nature. Department focuses on not abusing, using or wasting resources

Question 32

TR’s Conservation
Multiple land use resource management

Answer 32

Led by Cheif Forrester Gifford Pnichot, guards against preservationists and businesses from wasting or using the land inappropriately.

Question 33

TR’s Conservation
National Parks

Answer 33

Antiquities act 1906. Labels certain parts as historic land marks, protected parts of the grand canyon. Makes sure the outdoors are protected, but used wisely

Question 34

TR’s Conservation
The west- Newlands Act 1902

Answer 34

Federal government uses control to make new irrigation systems in California and Nevada. Make it productive

Question 35

TR’s Conservation
The west- Perservationists vs conservationists

Answer 35

Sierra club located in sanfran was having problems with irrigation and water preservation. Conservationists wanted to dam up the Hetchy valley for water preservation. They damn up the Hetchy Hetchy River.

Question 36

Roosevelt Republican Politics
Re-election 1904

Answer 36

People love him, not the party. He wins

Question 37

Roosevelt Republican Politics
Panic of 1907- Aldrich-Freeland Act 1908

Answer 37

Caused by a shortage of money supply since they’re on the gold standard. Republicans blame shortage on TR’s businesses laws. Act gives national bank the ability to issue currency, makes it more elastic.

Question 38

Election of 1908
Taft Wins- Dollar Diplomacy

Answer 38

Instead of “carry a big stick” he encourages american business to invest in vital security, keeping european countries out of honduras, cuba, dominican, nicaragua. Leads to foreign intervention because they’ve put a lot of money into it.

Question 39

Election of 1908
Taft Wins- Trust Busting

Answer 39

Pursues 90 trusts. Leads to tension between Taft and TR because he attacks US steal and Standard oil. Taft breaks it up unlike TR tried to do

Question 40

Election of 1908
Taft Wins- Party split

Answer 40

Progressives are for TR, conservatives for Taft. High tariff from Aldrich bill angers progressives because they want to help the poor. TR will campaign under “New Nationalism” after Taft gains Republican nomination.