The Great Depression and New Deal

Question 2

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
Platform

Answer 2

People don’t like Hoover. FDR is a progressive, wants to bring the poor up and rich down. Gives speeches over the radio about what he’s going to do to make it better. Energetic and optimistic, people relate to him. Inspirational to the nation because of polio making his legs weak

Question 3

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
Eleanor

Answer 3

Modernized the first lady role. She was FDR’s advisor. She was publicly active, main causes were public health, education, arts, civil rights, and humanitarian causes

Question 4

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
Brian Trust

Answer 4

College professors and intellectuals acted as his informal kitchen cabinet, giving him ideas about the new deal, even if the solutions are socialist. This New Deal Think Tank had everything on the table, wanting to do anything to fix the depression

Question 5

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
Women and the Black Cabinet

Answer 5

Mary McLeod Bethune helped lead the black cabinet, leading the National youth Administration to help African Americans find employment during the GD. In mid 1935, 45 African Americans were in Federal/Executive departments. Frances Perkins was the first woman on the cabinet, as the Secretary of Labor

Question 6

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
The New Deal

Answer 6

Three R’s.
Relief- For the poor, directed payments for the poor
Recovery (stimulating the economy)- government aid to keep economy going
Reform- corrections to economic system to prevent severity of depression from reoccuring

Question 7

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
The First 100 Days- Banking and Investment

Answer 7

Give the banks a holiday, since many of them are already shut down. Helps build up reserves. Emergency banking act allows sound banks to reopen, needing to re-instill confidence in the banking system.
Glass-Steagall banking reform act separates commercial fron investement banking, so people knew where their money was going.
Creates the Federal Deposit Insurance Cooporation that guarantees their deposits up to five thousand dollars if they were to go bankrupt.
Federal securities act forces full disclosure of stock information, about stock sharing/value.
move off the gold standard, all payments can be made in US currency. If you need money, we’re offering a high price for gold, so we’ll give you a good deal of cash

Question 8

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
The First 100 Days- Employment

Answer 8

Civilian Conservation Corp- Government is hiring young men to do public works in a military like manner. Helps upwards of 3 million men. It was segregated
Federal Emergency Relief Act- Led by Harry Hopkins, gave 3 billion dollars to states in grants, so they could get people to work or give it to struggling people
Public works Administration- Creates specifically to help people get jobs through winter of 33’-34’. Building trails, sewing, book mending. FDR gets critiziced for these jobs having no purpose

Question 9

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
The First 100 Days- Farmers

Answer 9

Agricultural Adjustment act AAA- Helps farmers with their mortgages and compensates farmers for voluntary cut-backs. Pays farmers not to farm portions of their land to not create a surplus. This is not passed until 1938, as it favored large landowners over the African American share croppers.

Question 10

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
The First 100 Days- Business

Answer 10

National Recovery Administration- Says you have the right to organize, and creates industry boards to make fair competition and code of conduct. Codes would set minimum wages, hours, and production time. Big businesses were able to make these codes, while smaller businesses couldn’t afford to pay.

Question 11

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1932
The First 100 Days- miscellaneous

Answer 11

Home owners loan coproation, adjusts their motgages/refinance their homes.
Beer tax, doesn’t allow hard stuff.
Tennessee Valley Authority- they dam up the river, selling cheap energy and allowing jobs. More than 20 dams were constructed.

Question 12

Rivals of FDR
First Term New Deal Legislation 1935/2nd New Deal- Banking and investment

Answer 12

Securities and exchange commission, over sees bank and stock trading, regulating and investigating stocks.
Banking act gives federal reserve board more power to regulate member banks. They can increase or decrease the money supply to the banks.

Question 13

Rivals of FDR
First Term New Deal Legislation 1935/2nd New Deal- Employment

Answer 13

National labor Relations Act- stops businesses from using unfair business practices.
WPA, Works preogress Administration- Provided employment on useful projects, spending 11 billion on bridges, buildings, hard surfaced roads. It gave 9 million americans jobs in 8 years.

Question 14

Rivals of FDR
First Term New Deal Legislation 1935/2nd New Deal- Business

Answer 14

Wheeler-Rayburn Public Utilities Holding Company Act forbids trusts in utility companies like electricity and running water.

Question 15

Rivals of FDR
First Term New Deal Legislation 1935/2nd New Deal- Miscellaneous

Answer 15

Social Securities act 1935- Takes money from payroll. Hurts the poor and eocnomy at the strat

Revenue Act “Soak the Rich Tax” 1935- moves up the graduated income tax to 75%

Indian Reorganization act 35- Dawes Severalty act, allowing indians to organize their own tribal governemtns

Question 16

Election of 1936
Democratic Coalition

Answer 16

Urban Voters tend to stick democrat, African Americans, Immigrants, southerners tend to vote democrat. He sees victor as a mandate for change

Question 17

FDR’s Second Term
Court packing

Answer 17

US Supreme Court is in his way of creating change. He asks congress to hire new judges after they refuse to give up their seat after the age of 70. What he’s doing is unconstitutional. He wants to pack the conservative court with democrats. Angers the conservatives, find it’s an attempt to unbalance the us government and weakens FDR’s support in congress. Congress offers pension at 70. Eventually, FDR names 7/9 justices. They become more lenient to his grab for power

Question 18

FDR’s Second Term
Nagging Depression

Answer 18

Unemployment in 37 is 15-25%. Social securities tax is causing their wages to decrease and hurts them immediately before getting better. It cuts governemnt spending, spending so much during the 1st deal, they’re now trying to balance the budget.

Question 19

FDR’s Second Term
Conservative Criticism

Answer 19

Hatch Act 1939- Democrats were accused of using moeny to garner democratic votes in the midterm in very important states. This act was the reing in the effects of it.

Criticism of the gov. being too socialistic, taking over large industries and regulating them. Growing national debt, 19-40 billion from 32-39
Federal goverenmnt has become too powerful.

Question 20

FDR’s Second Term
Events in Europe

Answer 20

Hitler and Mussolini distracts from the infighting in the nation, bringing up more debate over what US should be doing globally

Question 21

FDR’s Second Term
Adopting keynesianism

Answer 21

John Maynard Keynes. FDR drops the idea of making a budget, creating massive deficit spending. We’re spending money we don’t have, but this stimulus will help the economy

Question 22

FDR’s Second Term
Legislation

Answer 22

Second AAA (agricultural adjustment act), paying farmers to not farm and get rid of surplus was deemed unconstititional to pass an act, so instead the gov. just paid them not to farm.

US Housing Authority- creates loans for housing in impoverished areas

Fair Labor Standards act 1938- applies to interstate businesses. Sets a 40 hour work week, minimum wage, and minimum age of 16. Helps the people who apply, but it hurts agricultural workers, service jobs that cross state lines. Majority minority workers.

Question 23

FDR’s Second Term
CIO and John Lewis

Answer 23

Strikes start by John Lewis. CIO were a group of unskilled laboerers, like the American Federation of Laborers. Focuses on the auto worker industry. They wanted to be tied to AFL. But they continue to fight with one another, and weakens their standing. By 1940, we see war production and war labor doesn’t matter anymore.