3.8 Chemical Examination of Urine (Urobilinogen)

Question 1

Normal value for urobilinogen?

Answer 1

<1.0 mg/dL or <1.0 EU

Question 2

Urobilinogen is never reported as negative

T or F

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Reagent strips for urobilinogen lacks sensitivity

T or F

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Urobilinogen is normally present in urine

T or F

Answer 4

T

Question 5

The only chemical parameter that is never reported as negative because
- it lacks sensitivity
- Cannot distinguish between small amount or zero
- Any amount less than 1 is reported as normal

Answer 5

Urobilinogen

Question 6

Recirculation Pathway for Bilirubin Metabolism:
1. Unconjugated form of Bilirubin (B1) is transported to the liver bound to albumin.
2. B1 will be conjugated to B2 in the presence of the enzyme UDGPT
3. B2 is secreted to the bile canaliculi
4. And finally, excreted to the intestine
5. Once in the intestine, B2 will be further metabolized by intestinal bacteria to urobilinogen
6. Once urobilinogen is produced, majority will be recirculated into the liver
7. The liver will reabsorb the urobilinogen and will be re-excreted and finally, will be oxidized to urobilin

Arrange

Answer 6

1234567

Question 7

Urine Bilirubin: Neg
Urine UBG: 3+

a. Hemolytic (B1)
b. Hepatic (Both)
c. Obstructive (B2)

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Urine Bilirubin: 3+
Urine UBG: Normal RST

a. Hemolytic (B1)
b. Hepatic (Both)
c. Obstructive (B2)

Answer 8

c

Question 9

Urine Bilirubin: +/-
Urine UBG: 2+

a. Hemolytic (B1)
b. Hepatic (Both)
c. Obstructive (B2)

Answer 9

b

Question 10

Form of bilirubin that’s high in hemolytic jaundice

Answer 10

B1

Question 11

Form of bilirubin that’s high in Obstructive jaundice

Answer 11

B2

Question 12

Crigler-Najar syndrome, Physiologic jaundice of newborn Increase in What form of bilirubin?

Answer 12

Both B1 and B2

Question 13

B1 is not excreted in urine

T or F

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Excretion of B2 is prevented if delta bilirubin is formed or bounded to albumin

T or F

Answer 14

T

Question 15

If B2 does not reach the intestine, there will be no urobilinogen, then, no urobilinogen will not be recirculated, then none will be excreted.

T or F

Answer 15

T

Question 16

Why is hemolytic and hepatic high or positive in UBG?

Urine urobilinogen increases because of the hepatic uptake of the recirculated urobilinogen is impaired, not accepted by
liver.

T or F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Test for Urobilinogen:

A traditional test that is nonspecific

a. Ehrlich’s Tube Test
b. Schwartz-Watson Differentiation test

Answer 17

a

Question 18

Test for Urobilinogen:

Reagent: Paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde

a. Ehrlich’s Tube Test
b. Schwartz-Watson Differentiation test

Answer 18

a

Question 19

Test for Urobilinogen:

Involves initial extraction using chloroform and butanol prior to the addition of the reagent paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde

a. Ehrlich’s Tube Test
b. Schwartz-Watson Differentiation test

Answer 19

b

Question 20

Test for Urobilinogen:

Positive result: Cherry red

a. Ehrlich’s Tube Test
b. Schwartz-Watson Differentiation test

Answer 20

a

Question 21

In Schwartz-Watson Differentiation Test:

UBG: Insoluble in both chloroform and butanol
PBG: soluble in both chloroform and butanol

T or F

Answer 21

F

Baligtad

Question 22

In Schwartz-Watson Differentiation Test:

Other Ehrlich reactive compounds: Soluble in chloroform and insoluble in butanol

T or F

Answer 22

F

Baligtad

Question 23

In Schwartz-Watson Differentiation Test:

Tube 1: Top-urine, bottom-chloroform
Tube 2: Top-butanol, bottom-urine

T or F

Answer 23

T