8.2 Crystals in acidic Urine Flashcards
Description:
- Yellow-brown
- Pleomorphic
- Birefringent
Solubility: Soluble in alkali (NaOH)
Significance: Gout, Leukemia, chemotherapy
a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate
a
Significance: Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate
a
Description:
- “Brick dust”
- Pink in color due to uroerythin
Solubility:
- Soluble in alkali and heat (60C)
- May rever bact to uric Acid after addition of Conc. HCl or GAA
Significance: Ref
a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate
b
Description:
- Colorless birefringent needles
Solubility:
- Soluble in alkali and heat (60C)
- May revert back to Uric Acid upon addition of concentrated HCL or GAA
Significance: (RARE) More commonly encountered in synovial fluid with patients with gout (Monosodium Urate
a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate
d
Description:
- Small brown spheres
Solubility:
- Soluble in alkali and heat (60C)
- May revert back to Uric Acid upon addition of concentrated HCL or GAA
Significance: (RARE)
a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate
c
Description:
- Colorless envelope (Dihydrate)
- Oval or Dumbbell (Monohydrate)
Solubility:
- Soluble in DILUTED HCl
Significance:
- Physiologic: ↑ tomatoes, asparagus, ascorbic acid
- Pathologic: Renal Calculi, Ethylene Glycol or Antifreeze Poisoning
a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium sulfate
c. Hippuric acid
d. Cystine
a
Description:
- Colorless Needles or prisms identical to Ca phosphate
Solubility:
- Soluble in Acetic acid
Significance:
- None
a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium sulfate
c. Hippuric acid
d. Cystine
b
Description:
- Yellow-brown or colorless needles, rhombic plates, or prisms
Solubility:
- Soluble in Hot water/alkali
Significance:
- Ingestion of food presrvatives containing benzoic acid
a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium sulfate
c. Hippuric acid
d. Cystine
c
Description:
- Colorless, hexagonal plates
- similar to uric acid
Solubility:
- Soluble in DILUTED HCl and AMMONIA
Significance:
- Fanconi Syndrome
a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium sulfate
c. Hippuric acid
d. Cystine
d
Description:
- Yellow-brown oily-looking spheres with concentric and radial striations
Solubility:
- Soluble in hot alcohol or alkali
Significance:
- Severe liver disease, MSUD
a. Leucine
b. Tyrosine
c. Bilirubin
d. Cholesterol
a
Description:
- Fine refractile needles that form clumps or rosettes
Solubility:
- Soluble in alkali and heat
Significance:
- Severe liver disease (If seen with leucine/bilirubin) Tyrosinuria (IEB-enzyme-deficiency, rancid odor)
a. Leucine
b. Tyrosine
c. Bilirubin
d. Cholesterol
b
Description:
- Clumped (deep) yellow needles or ganuled
Solubility:
- Soluble in chloroform, HCl, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, ether
Significance:
- Severe liver disease (if seen with leucine/tyrosine)
- Biliary obstruction (obstructive jaundice)
a. Leucine
b. Tyrosine
c. Bilirubin
d. Cholesterol
c
Description:
- Notched plates or notched rhombic plates
- Highly birefringent
- Similar to radiographic dye
Solubility:
- Soluble in chloroform
Significance:
- Nephrotic syndrome
a. Leucine
b. Tyrosine
c. Bilirubin
d. Cholesterol
d
Description:
- Specific Gravity: >1.040 (RD) following radiographic contrast media administration
Solubility:
- 10% NaOH
Significance:
- SG: >1.040
a. Radiographic dye
b. Sulfonamide
c. Ampicillin
a
Description:
- Needles, Rossettes, or shape of wheat
- Latrogenic
Solubility:
- Acetone
Significance:
- Indicates inadequate hydration may cause tubular damage
- Patient must be hydrated to avoid precipitation of these crystals
a. Radiographic dye
b. Sulfonamide
c. Ampicillin
b
