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IS Lab > Antigen-antibody > Flashcards

Antigen-antibody Flashcards

1
Q

reacts only with antibodies produced by itself

A

antigen

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2
Q

recognize molecular shapes on antigen

A

antibodies

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3
Q

the better the fit of the epitope, the ___

A

the higher the affinity of the antibody for antigen

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4
Q

an interaction similar to lock and key

A

antigen-antibody reaction

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5
Q

molecule formed from the binding of multiple antigens to antibodies

A

immune complex

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6
Q

act as unitary object, effectively an antigen of itw own with a specific epitope

A

bound antigen and antibody

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7
Q

part of the antigen which combines with the antibody

A

epitope

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8
Q

epitope also known as?

A

antigenic determinant

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9
Q

epitope is the part of the antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by:

A
  • antibodies
  • B cells
  • T cells
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10
Q

part of the antibody that recognizes the epitope

A

paratope

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11
Q

3 factors in the binding force of antigen-antibody reaction

A
  • closeness between ag-ab antibody
  • non-covalent bonds or intermolecular forces
  • affinity of antibody
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12
Q

The bonds that hold the antigen to the antibody combining site are all non- covalent in nature

A

non-covalent bonds or intermolecular forces

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13
Q

non-covalent bonds or intermolecular forces include?

A
  • hydrogen bonds
  • electrostatic bonds
  • Van der Waals forces
  • hydrophobic bonds
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14
Q

properties of ag-ab reaction

A
  • affinity
  • avidity
  • cross reaction
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15
Q

affinity and avidity are both measures of?

A

binding strength

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16
Q

Measure of the binding strength at a single binding site

A

affinity

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17
Q

Measure of the total strength

A

avidity

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18
Q

applications of ag-ab reaction (5)

A
  • Determination of blood groups for transfusion
  • Serological exposure to infectious agents
  • Development of immunoassays for the
    quantification of various substances
  • To detect the presence or absence of protein in serum
  • Determining the characteristics of certain
    immunodeficiency disease
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19
Q

types of ag-ab reactions

8

A
  • Agglutination
  • Precipitation
  • Complement Fixation
  • ELISA
  • Immunofluorescence
  • Radioimmunoassay
  • Immunofixation
  • Immunoelectrophoresis
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20
Q

a particular Ag is mixed with its Ab’s in the presence electrolytes at a suitable temperature and pH

A

agglutination

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21
Q

The Ab of the serum causes the cellular Ag’s to form clumps, and these are called ___

A

Agglutinins

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22
Q

participate antigens that are aggregated

A

agglutinogens

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23
Q

rapid method to determine the presence of agglutinating antibodies

A

slide agglutination

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24
Q

agglutination is the test used for?

A

blood grouping and cross matching

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25
Q

sol’n needed for agglutination

A

antiserum and nss

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26
Q

a standard method for quantitative estimation of Ab

A

tube agglutination

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27
Q

a tube with no antiserum is the

A

control tube

28
Q

the tube that shows highest agglutination is referred to as?

A

titer

29
Q

tube agglutination is used for the serological diagnosis of?

A
  • typhoid fever
  • brucellosis
  • typhus fever
30
Q

test for determining
antibody titer

A

tube agglutination

31
Q

antigen binds with Fab sites of two antibodies forming bridges between
antigens

A

lattice formation (clumping)

32
Q

what agglutination principle in which an antigen reagent produced by treating RBCs with tannic acid to allow adsorption of protein antigens

A

passive hemagglutination

33
Q

what agglutination principle in which the antigen in reagent is attached to latex
particle

A

Passive Latex agglutination

34
Q

test for agglutination inhibition

posi:
nega:

A

posi = no agglutination
nega = agglutination

35
Q

AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION

If patient has antigen for which you are testing, the reagent antibody will be bound in step 1 and unavailable to react with the
indicator, what could be the result?

A

positive

36
Q

If patient does not have the antigen, reagent antibody is not bound in step 1 andis available to react with indicator, what could be the result?

AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION

A

negative

37
Q

Hemagglutination inhibition is the test for?

A

rubella

38
Q

examples of inhibition reactions (tests)

A
  • hemagglutination inhibition test
  • latex agglutination inhibition test
39
Q

When a soluble Ag combines with its Ab in the presence of an electrolyte (NaCI) at a particular temperature and pH

A

precipitation

40
Q

ab causing precipitation

A

precipitin

41
Q

enumerate the examples of precipitation principle

DSII

A
  • double diffusion: ouchterlony
  • single diffusion: radial immunodiffusion
  • immunoelectrophoresis
  • immunofixation
42
Q

Lysis of rbc or bacteria requires non-specific
unstable components of fresh serum

A

complement fixation

43
Q

unstable components of fresh serum

A

complement

44
Q

complement fixation test

posi =
nega =

A

P = no hemolysis
N = hemolysis

45
Q

If complement is fixed in step 1, it will not be available to combine with indicator, what could be the result?

A

positive

46
Q

Complement was not bound in step 1 and is available to react with indicator, what could be the result?

A

negative

47
Q

complement fixation is used only for what antibodies?

A

IgM

48
Q

limitations of complement fixation

A
  • Serum MUST be heat inactivated
  • Stored serum becomes anticomplementary
  • Elaborate QC and standardization required
  • Only used for IgM ANTIBODIES
49
Q

enzyme linked immunoassay (EIA/ELISA) was known to be the?

A

sandwich technique

50
Q

sample needed for ELISA

A

serum

51
Q

ELISA

improper washing could lead to?

A

false positive

52
Q

ELISA

absorbance is ____ proportional to antigen concentration

A

directly proportional

53
Q

examples of ELISA

A
  • HIV testing
  • serum HCG (pregnancy)
  • test for hepatitis antigens and antibodies
  • antibodies to bacteria and viruses
54
Q

the property of absorbing light rays of one particular wavelength and emitting rays with a different wave length.

A

immunofluorescence

55
Q

fluorescent dyes show up brightly under?

A

UV light

56
Q

▪ add fluorescein-labelled antibody to patient tissue
▪ wash & examine under florescent microscope

what type of immunofluorescence?

A

direct

57
Q

▪ Add patient serum to reagent (tissue containing
known antigen)
▪ wash, add fluorescein labelled antiglobulin
▪ wash & examine under fluorescent microscope

what type of immunofluorescence?

A

indirect

58
Q

examples of HF

A
  • testing for antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
  • fluorescent treponemal antibody test (FTA-Abs)
59
Q

VERY SENSITIVE and SPECIFIC, Can be used for detecting antigen or antibody

A

radioimmunoassay

60
Q

The ___the radioactive count, the __ the concentration of unlabeled antigen (patient)

A

The LOWER the radioactive count, the HIGHER the concentration of unlabeled antigen (patient)

61
Q

a series of points that are arranged in a distinct pattern

A

lattice

62
Q

this uses antibodies to detect and quantitate the amount of antigen (analyte) in a sample.

A

radioimmunoassay (RIA)

63
Q

enumerate the nonlattice (more sensitive) tests

A
  • immunoassays
  • nephelometry
64
Q

enumerate the lattice (less sensitive) tests

always remember the CRROII

A
  • counter current immunoelectrophoresis (complement fixation, agglutination, flocculation)
  • rocket electrophoresis
  • radial immunodiffusion
  • ouchterlony (double immunodiffusion)
  • immunofixation
  • immunoelectrophoresis
65
Q

enumerate the immunoassays

A

REF

  • radial immunoassay
  • enzyme immunoassay
  • fluorescent immunoassay
66
Q

higher vs. lower sensitivity (mg/ml)

A

H = 0.001 mg/ml
L = 500 mg/ml

IS Lab (10 decks)

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