Unit 3 and 4

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

The process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time.

Question 2

Contagious Diffusion

Answer 2

When an idea or cultural trait spreads adjacently.

Question 3

Hierarchical Diffusion

Answer 3

The spread of a trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places.

Question 4

Stimulus Diffusion

Answer 4

The fundamental idea behind a cultural trait stimulates an innovation or cultural trait.

Question 5

Cultural Convergence

Answer 5

As cultures interact they become more similar

Question 6

Multiculturalism

Answer 6

Diverse cultures coexist within a shared space.

Question 7

Artifacts

Answer 7

The visible objects and technologies that a culture creates.

Question 8

Sociofacts

Answer 8

Structures and organizations that influence social behavior

Question 9

Mentifacts

Answer 9

The central, enduring elements of a culture that reflect its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs

Question 10

Ethnocentrism

Answer 10

the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture

Question 11

Cultural relativism

Answer 11

the evaluation of a culture solely by its unique standards

Question 12

Sequent Occupance

Answer 12

the notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, which shapes the cultural landscape

Question 13

Toponyms

Answer 13

place names

Question 14

Gentrification

Answer 14

the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, typically displacing current inhabitants in the process.

Question 15

Language families

Answer 15

includes languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth or origin

Question 16

Isolate

Answer 16

a language that is not assigned to a language family

Question 17

Language group

Answer 17

languages within a branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap

Question 18

Universalizing Religion

Answer 18

religions that attempt to appeal to a wide variety of people and are open to membership by all, regardless of a person’s location, language, or ethnicity

Question 19

Ethnic religion

Answer 19

Religions that are closely tied with a particular ethnic group generally in a particular region

Question 20

Secular

Answer 20

The state of being unrelated to a religion

Question 21

Sovereignty

Answer 21

the right to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders

Question 22

Nation

Answer 22

A cultural entity made up of individuals who have forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, ethnicity, and/or heritage

Question 23

Nation-State

Answer 23

A territory in which a group that views itself as a nation is the same as the politically recognized boundaries the state calls its own

Question 24

Multi-state Nation

Answer 24

A nation that consists of a population that shares a cultural or ethnic background but lives in more than one country