Benign eyelid disorders Flashcards
When looking at the upper and lower eyelids, we can see glands. Which of the following is NOT a gland contained in the eyelids?
1 - glands of moll
2 - glands of zeis
3 - meibomian gland
4 - glands of lacrimation
4 - glands of lacrimation
Sebaceous glands are also contained within the eyelids
Which of the glands below secretes the lipid layer of the tear film that ensures tears don’t evaporate and remains in the eye for longer periods?
1 - glands of moll
2 - glands of zeis
3 - meibomian gland
3 - meibomian gland
Which other part of the eye forms the inner layer of the eyelids?
1 - cornea
2 - sclera
3 - conjunctiva
4 - choroid
3 - conjunctiva
Match the abnormal eyelid position with its description?
- Ptosis
- Entropions
- Ectropions
- Eyelids are protruding outwards
- Eyelids have turned inwards
- Drooping of the eyelids
Ectropions – Eyelids are protruding outwards
Entropions – Eyelids have turned inwards
Ptosis – Drooping of the eyelids
Ectropions are when the eyelids are protruding outwards, most commonly caused by laxity of the canthal tendons. All of the following can cause ectropions, but which is the most common?
1 - aging (involutional)
2 - scarring caused by trauma (cictricial)
3 - paralytic causes include in cranial nerve VII nerve palsy
4 - infection
1 - aging (involutional)
cranial nerve VII = facial nerve
In the image below, match the cause with the image:
A, B, C or D
- scarring caused by trauma (cictricial)
- tarsorrhaphy
- paralytic causes include in cranial nerve VII nerve palsy
- aging (involutional)
A = aging (involutional)
B = scarring caused by trauma (cictricial)
C = paralytic causes include in cranial nerve VII nerve palsy
D = - tarsorrhaphy (surgery that sews eyelids together to protect the surface of the eye
Entropion is when the eyelids protrude inwards, commonly caused by which 2 of the following?
1 - laxity in the canthal tendons
2 - atrophy of lower lid retractors
3 - trauma
4 - infection
1 - laxity in the canthal tendons
2 - atrophy of lower lid retractors
What do patients with Entropion typically complain of?
1 - loss of vision
2 - dry eyes
3 - foreign body sensation
4 - photophobia
3 - foreign body sensation
What can Entropions increase the risk of?
1 - stye
2 - corneal scaring and ulceration of cornea
3 - chalazion
4 - all of the above
2 - corneal scaring and ulceration of cornea
Typically this can occur in chronic conditions causing keritisation of the cornea
Which of the following treatments is used as a conservative management in the treatment of Entropions and Ectropions?
1 - prostoglandins
2 - NSAIDs
3 - eye drops for lubrication
4 - laser surgery
3 - eye drops for lubrication
Reduces risk of dry eyes, corneal scarring and ulceration
If ulceration occurs, antibiotics can be prescribed
Which 2 of the following requirement needs to be met for patients to be referred for surgery?
1 - aged >65
2 - had problem for >5 years
3 - risk of ocular complications
4 - impaired quality of life
3 - risk of ocular complications
4 - impaired quality of life
Surgery aims to tighten the weakened lateral canthal tendons (Lateral tarsal strip procedure)
Ptosis is drooping of the eyelid. All of the following cause ptosis, but which 2 are due to neurogenic causes?
1 - CNIII nerve palsy
2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence
3 - Horner’s syndrome
4 - Myasthenia gravis
1 - CNIII nerve palsy
3 - Horner’s syndrome
Important to identify the cause as this determines the management
Ptosis is drooping of the eyelid. All of the following cause ptosis, but which 2 are due to myogenic causes?
1 - Myotonic dystrophy
2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence
3 - Horner’s syndrome
4 - Myasthenia gravis
1 - Myotonic dystrophy
4 - Myasthenia gravis
Important to identify the cause as this determines the management
Does ptosis, drooping of the eyelid, due to myogenic causes associated with a unilateral or bilateral in its presentation?
- typically bilateral, or asymmetrical
Ptosis is drooping of the eyelid. All of the following cause ptosis, but which is age related?
1 - Myotonic dystrophy
2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence
3 - Horner’s syndrome
4 - Myasthenia gravis
2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence
Stretching of aponeurosis
Important to identify the cause as this determines the management