Benign eyelid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

When looking at the upper and lower eyelids, we can see glands. Which of the following is NOT a gland contained in the eyelids?

1 - glands of moll
2 - glands of zeis
3 - meibomian gland
4 - glands of lacrimation

A

4 - glands of lacrimation

Sebaceous glands are also contained within the eyelids

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2
Q

Which of the glands below secretes the lipid layer of the tear film that ensures tears don’t evaporate and remains in the eye for longer periods?

1 - glands of moll
2 - glands of zeis
3 - meibomian gland

A

3 - meibomian gland

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3
Q

Which other part of the eye forms the inner layer of the eyelids?

1 - cornea
2 - sclera
3 - conjunctiva
4 - choroid

A

3 - conjunctiva

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4
Q

Match the abnormal eyelid position with its description?

  • Ptosis
  • Entropions
  • Ectropions
  • Eyelids are protruding outwards
  • Eyelids have turned inwards
  • Drooping of the eyelids
A

Ectropions – Eyelids are protruding outwards

Entropions – Eyelids have turned inwards

Ptosis – Drooping of the eyelids

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5
Q

Ectropions are when the eyelids are protruding outwards, most commonly caused by laxity of the canthal tendons. All of the following can cause ectropions, but which is the most common?

1 - aging (involutional)
2 - scarring caused by trauma (cictricial)
3 - paralytic causes include in cranial nerve VII nerve palsy
4 - infection

A

1 - aging (involutional)

cranial nerve VII = facial nerve

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6
Q

In the image below, match the cause with the image:

A, B, C or D

  • scarring caused by trauma (cictricial)
  • tarsorrhaphy
  • paralytic causes include in cranial nerve VII nerve palsy
  • aging (involutional)
A

A = aging (involutional)
B = scarring caused by trauma (cictricial)
C = paralytic causes include in cranial nerve VII nerve palsy
D = - tarsorrhaphy (surgery that sews eyelids together to protect the surface of the eye

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7
Q

Entropion is when the eyelids protrude inwards, commonly caused by which 2 of the following?

1 - laxity in the canthal tendons
2 - atrophy of lower lid retractors
3 - trauma
4 - infection

A

1 - laxity in the canthal tendons
2 - atrophy of lower lid retractors

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8
Q

What do patients with Entropion typically complain of?

1 - loss of vision
2 - dry eyes
3 - foreign body sensation
4 - photophobia

A

3 - foreign body sensation

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9
Q

What can Entropions increase the risk of?

1 - stye
2 - corneal scaring and ulceration of cornea
3 - chalazion
4 - all of the above

A

2 - corneal scaring and ulceration of cornea

Typically this can occur in chronic conditions causing keritisation of the cornea

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10
Q

Which of the following treatments is used as a conservative management in the treatment of Entropions and Ectropions?

1 - prostoglandins
2 - NSAIDs
3 - eye drops for lubrication
4 - laser surgery

A

3 - eye drops for lubrication

Reduces risk of dry eyes, corneal scarring and ulceration

If ulceration occurs, antibiotics can be prescribed

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11
Q

Which 2 of the following requirement needs to be met for patients to be referred for surgery?

1 - aged >65
2 - had problem for >5 years
3 - risk of ocular complications
4 - impaired quality of life

A

3 - risk of ocular complications
4 - impaired quality of life

Surgery aims to tighten the weakened lateral canthal tendons (Lateral tarsal strip procedure)

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12
Q

Ptosis is drooping of the eyelid. All of the following cause ptosis, but which 2 are due to neurogenic causes?

1 - CNIII nerve palsy
2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence
3 - Horner’s syndrome
4 - Myasthenia gravis

A

1 - CNIII nerve palsy
3 - Horner’s syndrome

Important to identify the cause as this determines the management

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13
Q

Ptosis is drooping of the eyelid. All of the following cause ptosis, but which 2 are due to myogenic causes?

1 - Myotonic dystrophy
2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence
3 - Horner’s syndrome
4 - Myasthenia gravis

A

1 - Myotonic dystrophy
4 - Myasthenia gravis

Important to identify the cause as this determines the management

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14
Q

Does ptosis, drooping of the eyelid, due to myogenic causes associated with a unilateral or bilateral in its presentation?

A
  • typically bilateral, or asymmetrical
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15
Q

Ptosis is drooping of the eyelid. All of the following cause ptosis, but which is age related?

1 - Myotonic dystrophy
2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence
3 - Horner’s syndrome
4 - Myasthenia gravis

A

2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence

Stretching of aponeurosis

Important to identify the cause as this determines the management

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16
Q

Is ptosis, drooping of the eyelid due to age such as levator aponeurotic dehiscence (stretching of aponeurosis) unilateral or bilateral in its presentation?

A
  • unilateral

Can be repaired surgically

17
Q

Ptosis is drooping of the eyelid. All of the following cause ptosis, but which is mechanically caused?

1 - Myotonic dystrophy
2 - levator aponeurotic dehiscence
3 - lid lesion on upper lid or inflammation of upper lid
4 - Myasthenia gravis

A

3 - lid lesion on upper lid or inflammation of upper lid

Important to identify the cause as this determines the management

18
Q
A