Chapter 3b - ABO and Rh Blood Types

Question 1

three or more alleles of the same gene are found

Answer 1

multiple alleles

Question 2

blood types characterized by presence of antigens on surface of erythrocytes

Answer 2

AB blood types

Question 3

blood type determination

Answer 3

mix unknown blood sample with antiserum containing type A or type B antibodies

Question 4

what does ABO blood test reveal

Answer 4

• four phenotypes
• three alleles

Question 5

four phenotypes of blood

Answer 5

• A
• B
• AB
• O

Question 6

3 alleles of blood types

Answer 6

• I^A
• I^B
• i

Question 7

discovered the ABO blood group system

Answer 7

Karl Landsteiner (1901)

Question 8

• discovered type AB in 1902
• worked under Landsteiner

Answer 8

• Adriano Sturli
• Alfred von Decastello

Question 9

what was awarded to Landsteiner in 1930

Answer 9

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Question 10

when is the World Blood Donor Day

Answer 10

June 14

Question 11

components of blood

Answer 11

• 55% plasma
• 45% solid substances

Question 12

cells found in the blood

Answer 12

1. leukocyte
2. erythrocyte
3. thrombocyte

Question 13

type A blood has:

Answer 13

• A antigen
• B antibody

Question 14

type B blood has:

Answer 14

• B antigen
• A antibody

Question 15

type AB blood has:

Answer 15

A and B antigen

Question 16

type O blood has:

Answer 16

A and B antibody

Question 17

result when the fetal blood type is different from the mother’s blood type

Answer 17

ABO Blood Incompatibilities

Question 18

Sign symptoms of ABO incompatibility in the neonate

Answer 18

1. pale-looking skin
2. jaundice
3. newborn may have big liver and spleen
4. may have severe swelling (hydrops fetalis)

Question 19

a condition in which large amounts of fluid build up in a baby’s tissues and organs, causing extensive swelling (Edema)

Answer 19

hydrops fetalis

Question 20

extensive swelling

Answer 20

edema

Question 21

first detected in Rhesus monkey

Answer 21

Rh blood groups

Question 22

hemolytic anemia in the fetus caused by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal red blood cells, usually due to incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood groups, often Rho(D) antigens

Answer 22

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 23

• three closely linked genes C, D, and E with two alleles each
• presence of at least one D results in Rh+ phenotype
• C and E not immunologically significant

Answer 23

Fisher-Race System

Question 24

not immunologically significant

Answer 24

C and E

Question 25

Signs and symptoms of Erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 25

1. Kernicterus
2. hemolytic anemia
3. jaundice

Question 26

bilirubin-induced neurological damage

Answer 26

Kernicterus

Question 27

injectable drug that is used to protect and Rh+ fetus from antibodies in an Rh- mother’s blood and to prevent Rh allergy in the mother

Answer 27

RhoGAM: RhO(D) immune globulin

Question 28

Rh+

Answer 28

with Rh antigen

Question 29

Rh-

Answer 29

with Rh antibody

Question 30

• codominant inheritance
• under the contrl of an autosomal locus in chromosome #4
• with two alleles L^M and L^N

Answer 30

MN Blood Groups

Question 31

MN Blood Groups is under the contrl of a …?

Answer 31

autosomal locus in chromosome #4

Question 32

who discovered the MN Blood Groups

Answer 32

• Landsteiner
• Levine

Question 33

antigens M and N are encoded by what

Answer 33

polymorphic genes
- GYPA
- GYPB