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Biology > Endocrine System Paper 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine System Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of FSH?

A

It allows the egg to mature

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2
Q

What gland secrets FSH

A

Pituitary gland

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3
Q

What is contraception

A

Ways to stop/prevent fertilisation

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4
Q

Why can’t you take insulin injections with type 2 diabetes

A

The cells won’t respond to the insulin

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5
Q

Why is contraception that contains hormones bad?

A

Hormones have many side-effects

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6
Q

How is information transmitted in the endocrine system

A

Through hormones in the blood system

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7
Q

What is diabetes

A

When your body can’t regulate its own blood glucose concentration

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8
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle

A

28 days

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9
Q

What does the ovaries produce

A

Oestrogen and Progesterone

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10
Q

What is the role of LH

A

Stimulate the release of a mature egg

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11
Q

What does gibberellins do

A

They stimulate the germination of seeds

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12
Q

How do hormones interact in the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH is released by the pituitary gland.
FSH stimulates eggs to mature in the ovaries. FSH stimulates the production of oestrogen in the ovaries. Oestrogen causes the uterus lining to thicken and inhibits FSH. Oestrogen stimulates the production of LH in the pituitary gland. LH stimulates ovulation/the mature egg to release. Once the egg has been released, the ovary now produces progesterone, which inhibits the production of FSH and LH to stop more eggs from being matured and being released, and also maintains the lining of the uterus in case of fertilised egg implants.

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13
Q

What does an IUD do

A

Prevents an embryo from implanting

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14
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of an injection as a means of contraception

A

Advantage: don’t have to take daily

Disadvantage: they have side-effects and you can get an STI

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15
Q

How does the body respond to decrease in the blood glucose concentration?

A

The pancreas detects the decrease in the blood glucose concentration.
It secretes glucagon, and causes cells to convert glycogen into glucose and release into the bloodstream

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16
Q

How does the body respond to a rise in the blood glucose

A

The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream. The insulin stimulates the target organs (muscle and liver cells) to take in the glucose and convert it into the storage molecule glycogen. This uptake in glucose reduces the glucose concentration in the bloodstream

17
Q

Describe the process of protein synthesis

A

The base sequence is copied onto a complimentary template (mRNA). The mRNA passes out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm and attaches itself to the ribosome. The ribosome, then reads the triplets of bases on the mRNA to place the correct amino acids in the correct order. Once the chain of amino acids (polypeptide) is complete, it folds into a specific protein.

18
Q

What are some differences between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

A

In the nervous system response is rapid however, in the Endocrine system, response is slow.
In the nervous system, the effect is temporarily and reversible, however, in the Endocrine system, the effect may be permanent and irreversible
In the nervous system communication is by nerve impulses while in the endocrine system it is by hormones.
in the Endocrine system response is localised while in the endocrine system response as widespread.

19
Q

What is abstinence?

A

Not having sex

20
Q

How is communication in the endocrine system?

A

Chemicals (hormones produced by glands)

21
Q

What are the effects of endocrine system?

A

Permanent and irreversible

22
Q

When is ovulation?

A

Day 14

23
Q

What is the role of Progesterone?

A

Maintains lining of uterus
Inhibits release of FSH and LH

24
Q

What is the role of FSH?

A

Causes eggs to mature
Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

25
Q

What is the role of LH?

A

Triggers ovulation

26
Q

What is the role of oestrogen?

A

Causes lining of uterus to develop
Inhibits release of FSH
stimulates release of LH

27
Q

Three types of contraception? Benefits/limitations?

A

Conceptive pills readily available have to take every day
Condom protection form STIs not effective if used incorrectly
IVDs longevity (3-5yrs) could cause infection
Sterilisation permanent surgery risks
Implants/patches side effects dont take daily

28
Q

What is IVF?

A

When a woman takes large amounts of FSH and LH to increase chances of becoming pregnant. These eggs, once matured, are then extracted and fertilised in a laboratory

29
Q

Where is urine stored?

A

Bladder

30
Q

What is the role of the kidneys? How?

A

To remove excess water, urea, and ions from the blood
They filter the blood through kidney tubules to urine
Some useful substances are reabsorbed

31
Q

What is selective reabsorption?

A

Where useful substances (water, glucose, ions) are reabsorbed from the kidney tubules preventing them to be lost in urine

32
Q

How does negative feedback affect ADH (hormone)?

A

Pituitary gland will stop releasing ADH when water levels increase. This is because ADH stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water by making kidney tubules more permeable.

33
Q

What is the role of liver?

A

To control the amount of ammio acids in body

34
Q

What is the role of liver?

A

To control the amount of ammio acids in body

35
Q

What is deamination?

A

The process of the liver converting ammio acids into ammonia. Then into urea

36
Q

What is postive geotropism?

A

When roots grow in response to gravity (towards)

37
Q

What is positive phototropism?

A

When shoots grow in response to light (towards)

38
Q

How is auxin distributed in the shoots?

A
  1. Even distribution
  2. Auxin differs away from sunlight
  3. Cell growth + elongation towards the sun from auxin
39
Q

How is auxin distributed in the roots?

A
  1. Even distribution
  2. Auxin falls towards gravity, inbiting cell growth + elongation
  3. Growth towards gravity

Biology (9 decks)

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