Chap11 Biodiversity

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

Variety of living organisms in an area

Question 2

Why do we measure biodiversity?

Answer 2

Important role in conservation
Impact of human activity

Question 3

How do we measure biodiversity?

Answer 3

Species diversity
Habitat diversity
Genetic diversity

Question 4

Habitat diversity

Answer 4

Number of habitats in an area

Question 5

Species richness

Answer 5

Number of different species living in area

Question 6

Species evenness

Answer 6

Abundance of each species in area

Question 7

Genetic diversity

Answer 7

Variation of alleles that make up species

Question 8

What do we measure in random sampling?

Answer 8

Density
Frequency
And percentage cover

Question 9

Advantage of random sampling

Answer 9

Avoids bias

Question 10

What equipment do we use for random sampling?

Answer 10

Frame quadrats
Point quadrats

Question 11

Stratified sampling

Answer 11

Different areas of habitat sampled separately
Divided based on characteristics

Question 12

Systematic sampling

Answer 12

Samples taken at fixed intervals along line transect

Question 13

Opportunistic sampling

Answer 13

Samples are chosen by investigator
Data will be biased

Question 14

How is reliability of data reduced?

Answer 14

By chance
By small sample size

Question 15

Sweep net

Answer 15

Catch insects in long grass

Question 16

Pooter

Answer 16

Suck insect into jar

Question 17

Kick sampling

Answer 17

Disturb water current of aquatic insects

Question 18

Pitfall trap

Answer 18

Pit in ground insects can’t escape

Question 19

What is the equation for ESTIMATED POPULATION SIZE?

Answer 19

= ( Total n in first sample x Total n in second sample )

/ Number of marked recaptures

Question 20

Advantages of mark-release-recapture

Answer 20

Fewer deaths and births
No immigration and emigration
Marked individuals from first sample distribute evenly across population

Question 21

Disadvantages of mark-release-recapture

Answer 21

Easier to notice marked individual by predator so less likely to survive

Under estimate of population size

Question 22

Genetic variation

Answer 22

Number of different alleles in given species

Question 23

What are polymorphic genes

Answer 23

More than one allele

Question 24

What is the equation for PROPORTION OF POLYMORPHIC LOCI?

Answer 24

= polymorphic loci / total loci

Question 25

Gene flow

Answer 25

Alleles transferred from two populations

Question 26

How do we reduce genetic diversity?

Answer 26

Selective breeding
Natural selection
Cloning
Rare breeds

Question 27

How do we increase genetic diversity?

Answer 27

Sexual reproduction
Meiosis
Mutation
Interbreeding

Question 28

What is genetic bottleneck?

Answer 28

Selecting alleles by chance.

Results in low genetic diversity.

Question 29

What is the founder effect?

Answer 29

Migration of small proportion of the population with few alleles.

Results in low genetic diversity.

Question 30

What is selective breeding?

Answer 30

Breeding desired characteristics

Results in low genetic diversity.

Question 31

Difference between genetic diversity and natural selection

Answer 31

Genetic diversity happens by chance
Genetic diversity happens in small populations
Natural selection is selection pressures

Question 32

What is genetic drift?

Answer 32

Change in allele frequency due to individual failing to reproduce OR producing more offspring than others

Occurs by chance.