Chap2 Basic Components Of Living Things Flashcards

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1
Q

Vesicle function

A

Transports material inside the cell

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2
Q

Centriole function

A

Helps nuclear division in mitosis and meiosis

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3
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

A

Produces and transports lipids and carbohydrates

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4
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum function

A

Synthesises and transports proteins

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5
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

Controls cell movement.
(microfilaments) cell contraction.
(intermediate fibres) give mechanical strength

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A

modify proteins and packages them into vesicles or lysosomes

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7
Q

Nucleolus function

A

Produces ribosomes

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8
Q

Nucleus function

A

Controls transcription.

Codes for cells genetic information

Nuclear pores export RNA molecules for protein synthesis and protect nucleus from damage.

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9
Q

ribosomes function

A

Translates genetic code
MRNA -> protein

Synthesises proteins

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10
Q

Mitochondria function

A

Produce energy through cellular respiration

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11
Q

Cell (plasma) membrane function

A

Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell

Separates interior cell from external environment

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12
Q

Chloroplast function

A

Site of photosynthesis and food production

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13
Q

Vacuoles function

A

Maintain water balance in plant cell

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14
Q

Flagella and cilia function

A

Enables cell mobility and detects chemical changes in cells environment.
Mobile cilia cause movement

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15
Q

Lysosomes function

A

Contains enzyme that breaks down waste material in cell

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16
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure

A

Connected to outer membrane of nucleus.
No ribosomes.
Network of membranes.

17
Q

Vesicles structure

A

Membranous sacs containing fluid

18
Q

Lysosomes structure

A

Specialised vesicle containing hydrolytic enzyme

19
Q

Centrioles structure

A

Modified component of cytoskeleton made of microtubules

20
Q

Cytoskeleton structure

A

Network of fibres.
(microfilaments) contractile fibres formed of protein actin

21
Q

Flagellum and cilia structure

A

each cilium contains two central microtubules

22
Q

Nucleus structure

A

Contains chromosomes and surrounded by nuclear envelope.
Biggest organelle of cell.
Double membrane contains DNA

23
Q

nucleolus structure

A

Composed of proteins and RNA

24
Q

Mitochondria structure

A

Double membrane filled with matrix

25
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum structure

A

Contains ribosomes

26
Q

Golgi apparatus structure

A

No ribosomes.
Formed of cisternae

27
Q

Ribosomes structure

A

Made of RNA.
Floats free in cytoplasm.
Not surrounded by membrane

28
Q

Vacuoles structure

A

Membrane bound and filled with fluid

29
Q

Chloroplast structure

A

Double envelope membrane.
Thylakoids exist inside chloroplast

30
Q

Plasma membrane structure

A

cell wall attached to surface.
Lipid bilayer and semi permeable

31
Q

Light microscope

A

Visible light passes through lens system
Specimen can be alive
Specimen stain to make components of cell visible

32
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

Penetrates cell
High magnification and resolution
Electromagnets to focus electron beam

33
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

Beam of electrons back and forth across cell surface
3D images
Low resolution