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PSYC 1002 > Ch 11 (2) > Flashcards

Ch 11 (2) Flashcards

1
Q

a developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behaviour are exhibited, and certain capacities become established

A

Stage

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2
Q

Stage theories assume that…

A
  1. Individuals must progress through specified stages in a particular order because each stage builds on the previous
  2. Progress through these stages is strongly related to age
  3. Development is marked by major discontinuities that usher dramatic transitions in behaviour
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3
Q

Erikson’s Stage Theory Stage 1
is my world predictable and supportive?

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

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4
Q

Erikson’s stage theory stage 2
can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?

A

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt.

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5
Q

Erikson’s Stage Theory Stage 3
am I good or Bad?

A

Initiative versus Guilt.

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6
Q

Erikson’s Stage Theory Stage 4
Am i competent or worthless?

A

Industry versus Inferiority

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7
Q

Erikson’s Stage Theory Stage 5
who am I and where am I going?

A

Identity vs Confusion

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8
Q

Erikson’s Stage Theory Stage 6
Shall I share my life with another or live alone?

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

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9
Q

Erikson’s Stage Theory Stage 7
Will I produce something of real value

A

Generativity vs self-absorption

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10
Q

Erikson’s Stage Theory Stage 8
Have I lived a full life?

A

Integrity vs despair

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11
Q

refers to transitions in youngsters’ pattern of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem-solving

A

Cognitive Development

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12
Q

Piaget’s Stage Theory
Coordination of sensory input and motor responses; development of object permanence

A

stage 1: sensorimotor Period

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13
Q

Piaget’s Stage Theory
Development of symbolic thought marked by irreversibility, centration, and egocentrism

A

Stage 2: Preoperational period

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14
Q

Piaget’s Stage Theory
Mental operations applied to concrete events; mastery of conservation, hierarchical classification

A

Stage 3: Concrete operational period

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15
Q

Piaget’s Stage Theory
Mental operations, applied to abstract ideas; logical, systematic thinking

A

Stage 4: Formal operational period

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16
Q

involves interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures without changing them. In contrast, accommodation involves changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences

A

Assimilation

17
Q

Develops when a child recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible

A

Object permanence

18
Q

Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance.

A

Conservation

19
Q

is the tendency to focus on just one
feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects.

A

Centration

20
Q

the inability to envision reversing
an action.

A

Irreversibility

21
Q

_____ in thinking is characterized by a limited ability to share another person’s viewpoint

A

Egocentrism

22
Q

Criticisms of Piaget’s Theory

A
  1. Underestimated young children’s cognitive development
  2. Progress in children’s thinking appears to occur in overlapping waves rather than distinct stages
  3. Underestimated the influence of cultural factors on cognitive development
23
Q

the gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what they can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners.

A

The zone of proximal development (ZPD)

24
Q

Occurs when the assistance provided to a child is adjusted as learning progresses.

A

Scaffolding

25
Q

Limited time span in the development of an organism when it is optimal for certain capacities to emerge because the organism si especially responsive to certain experiences

A

Critical Periods

26
Q

examines the development of children’s understanding about the mind and mental states, and how children conceive of another person’s thought processes, knowledge, beliefs, and feelings

A

Theory of the mind

27
Q

KOHLBERG’S STAGE THEORY
Right and wrong is determined by what is punished

A

stage 1: Punishment orientation

28
Q

KOHLBERG’S STAGE THEORY
Right and wrong are determined by what is rewarded

A

stage 2: Naive reward orientation

29
Q

KOHLBERG’S STAGE THEORY
right and wrong are determined by close others’ approval or disapproval

A

stage 3: good boy/girl orientation

30
Q

KOHLBERG’S STAGE THEORY
right and wrong are determined by society’s rules and laws, which should be obeyed rigidly

A

stage 4: Authority orientation

31
Q

KOHLBERG’S STAGE THEORY
Right and wrong are determined by society’s rules which are viewed as fallible rather than absolute

A

stage 5: social contract orientation

32
Q

KOHLBERG’S STAGE THEORY
right and wrong are determined by abstract ethical principles that emphasize equity and justice

A

stage 6: individual principles and conscience orientation

PSYC 1002 (21 decks)

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