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biology 3100 > axial skeleton > Flashcards

axial skeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

how many bones are in the axial skeleton

A

80

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2
Q

How many bones are in the skull

A

6 cranial bones
14 facial bones

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3
Q

How many bones are in the bones associated with the skull

A

6 auditory ossicles and hyoid bone

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4
Q

how many bones are in the thoracic cage

A

24 ribs and the sternum

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5
Q

How many bones are in the vertebral column

A

24 vertebrae ,sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

What is the function of axial skeleton

A

Provides support and protection of organs
Provide points of attachment for muscles that assist is breathing, stabilizing the appendicular skeleton and adjust positions

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7
Q

What are sutures

A

immovable joints of the skull

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8
Q

What are the four major sutures

A

-lambdoid suture - separates occipital from parietal bones
-coronal suture- attaches frontal bone to parietal bone
sagittal suture- between parietal bones
squamous suture- join temporal bones with parietal bones

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9
Q

What are sinuses

A

these are air filled chambers in the skull

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10
Q

What are the function of sinuses

A

decreases the weight of the skull
Produces mucus to moisten and clean the air
Assist in speech production

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11
Q

What are the cranial bones

A

occipital bones
parietal bones
frontal bone
temporal bone
sphenoid
ethmoid

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12
Q

What are the joints of the occipital bone?

A

-parietal bone
-temporal bone
sphenoid
-first cervical vertebra(atlas)

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13
Q

What are the regions of the occipital bone?

A

-external occipital protuberance- small bump at the midline on the inferior surface
-external occipital crest- for attachment of the ligamentum nucha.
-occipital condyles- associated with the first cervical vertebra.

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14
Q

What are the foramina of the occipital bone?

A

foramen magnum- connects cranial cavity with vertebral canal

jugular foramen- for internal jugular vein

Hypoglossal canals- for hypoglossal nerves

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15
Q

What are the joints of the parietal bones

A

with each other
frontal
temporal
occipital
sphenoid bone

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16
Q

What are the regions and marking of the parietal bones

A
  • Superior and inferior temporal lines attach to the temporalis muscle
  • grooves for the cranial blood vessels
17
Q

What are the joints of the frontal bone

A

parietal
sphenoid
nasal
lacrimal
maxillary
zygomatic bones

18
Q

What are the foramina of the frontal bone

A

supra orbital foramen
-form blodd vessels of everybrows,eyelids and frontal sinuses

supra -orbital notch
incomplete supra orbital foramen

19
Q

What is the function of the temporal bone

A

articulate with mandible
surround and protect internal ear
attach muscles of jaws and head

20
Q

What are the joints of the temporal bones

A

zygomatic
sphenoid
parietal
occipital
mandible

21
Q

what is the function of the sphenoid

A

unites cranial and facial bones
strengthen sides of the skull

22
Q

What is the function of the ethmoid

A

contains ethmoid cells which is a network of sinuses
roof of the nasal cavity

23
Q

what are the facial bones

A

maxillae
palatine bones
nasal bone
vomer
interior nasal conchae
zygomatic bones
lacrimal bones
mandible
hyoid bone

24
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone

A

supports the larynx
attaches muscles of larynx pharynx and tongue

25
Q

What are the vertebral regions

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

26
Q

Which spinal curves develop first

A

primary and these are sacral and thoracic curve

27
Q

which spinal curve develop after birth

A

the secondary and these are cervical and lumbar curve

28
Q

What are the three parts of the vertebra

A

vertebral body
vertebral arch
articular processes

29
Q

What is the function of the vertebral body

A

transfers weight along the spine

30
Q

What are the gaps between the vertebra

A

intervertebral discs which are pads of fibrocartilage

31
Q

What helps with the nerve connections on the spinal cord

A

interverbal foramina

32
Q

What encloses the spinal cord

A

vertebral canal

33
Q
A
34
Q

What is the atlas

A

the cervical 1 vertebra

35
Q

What is the axis

A

the cervical vertebra 2

36
Q

What is the veterbra prominens

A

is the cervical 7 and it transitions to the thoracic vertebrae

37
Q

The sacrum is more curved in males or females

A

males

38
Q

What is the function of the sacrum

A

protects reproductive, urinary and digestive organs

39
Q
A

biology 3100 (26 decks)

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