Chapter 12.2- Neurons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of the neuron

A

– Cell body (soma)
* Large nucleus and nucleolus
* Perikaryon (cytoplasm)
* Mitochondria (produce energy)
* RER and ribosomes (synthesize proteins)
Dendrites
– Short and highly branched processes extending from cell body
▪ Axon
– Single, long cytoplasmic process
– Propagates electrical signals (action potentials)
– Axoplasm
* Cytoplasm of axon

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2
Q

what are the structural classifications of neurons

A

Anaxonic neurons
* Small
* All cell processes look similar
* Found in brain and special sense organ
Bipolar neurons
* Small and rare
* One dendrite and one axon
* Found in special sense organs (sight, smell,
hearing)
– Unipolar neurons (pseudounipolar neurons)
* Axon and dendrites are fused
* Cell body to one side
* Most sensory neurons of PNS
Multipolar neurons
* Have one long axon and two or more dendrites
* Common in the CNS
* All motor neurons that control skeletal muscles

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3
Q

What are the functional classifications of neurons

A

– Sensory neurons
– Motor neurons
– Interneurons
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4
Q

Describe the sensory neuron

A

A sensory neuron is an unipolar afferent neuron that extends from the sensory receptors to the CNS.

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5
Q

What are the types of sensory receptors

A

– Interoceptors
* Monitor internal systems (e.g., digestive, urinary)
* Internal senses (stretch, deep pressure, pain)
– Exteroceptors
* Monitor external environment (e.g., temperature)
* Complex senses (e.g., sight, smell, hearing)
– Proprioceptors
* Monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints

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6
Q

Describe motor neurons.

A

Motor neurons are multipolar neurons that are a part of the efferent division which sends instructions from the CNS to the somatic motor neurons of the SNS and the visceral motor neurons of ANS.

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7
Q

The autonomic ganglia divides axons into

A

Preganglionic fibers
* Postganglionic fibers

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8
Q

Describe the interneuron

A

It is located between sensory and motor neurons. it helps with the distribution of sensory information and coordination of motor activity.

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