Anatomy of Upper GI

Question 1

What makes up the Upper GI tract

Answer 1

mouth/ oral region
pharynx
oesophagus
stomach
duodenum

Question 2

what is the function of swallowing

Answer 2

move food from oral cavity to stomach
clear naso/oropharynx
preotect upper resp tract

Question 3

types of swallowing

Answer 3

voluntary- conciously, caused by susbstance in mouth and cerebral cortex
spontaneous- unconciously, no cortical influence

Question 4

3 phases of swallowing

Answer 4

oral
pharengeal
oesophageal

Question 5

oral phase

Answer 5

forms food bolus (round, smooth, lubricated, broken down food)

involves salivary gland, teeth, muscles of tounge/ mastication, soft palate and facial muscles

Question 6

2 parts of oral phase

Answer 6

preparatory- voluntary, produces food bolus, varied time, elevated tounge, soft palate closes pharynx

transit- moves bolus towards pharynx, soft palate elevated to stop inspiration, activates swallowing reflex

Question 7

salivary glands

Answer 7

3 types- sublingual, submandibular, parotid gland
produces saliva
exocrine glands
saliva breaks down food, produces bolus, helps taste and protects oral cavity

Question 8

mastication (chewing)

Answer 8

process of grinding down food
important to produce bolus
jaws move teeth which crushes food and facial muscles move food towards teeth

Question 9

muscles of mastication

Answer 9

lateral pterygoid moves mandible down
temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid move mandible up
all causes teeth to crush food

Question 10

functions of teeth

Answer 10

incisors- cuuting and shearing
canines- gripping and tearing
premolars- tearing and crushing
molars - chewing, crushing and grinding

Question 11

pharengeal phase

Answer 11

involuntary, 0.6s, inspiration inhibited
food bolus pushed to oropharynx
epiglottis and closed vocal chords close larynx which pushes food into laryngeophraynx
the food bolus pushed towards upper oesophageal sphincter which opens

Question 12

muscles of pharynx

Answer 12

elevators of pharynx - salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus
constrictor muscles- superior, middle, inferior

Question 13

oesophageal phase

Answer 13

moves food bolus into oesophagus

upper oesopheal sphinctor opens due to relaxation of inferior constrictor muscles, pressure of food bolus and suprahyoid muscles contraction

Question 14

Oesophagus

Answer 14

thick muscular tube
C6 to T10