Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer Flashcards
3 parts of oesophagus
cervical
thoracic- upper, middle, lower
abdominal
types of oesophageal cancer
squamous cell carcinoma- cervical, upper/middle thoracic- mainly eastern- risk factors: male, old, alcohol, smoking, hot drinks
adenocarcinoma- lower thoracic, abdominal - mainly western - risk factors: male, old, obesity, reflux, barret’s
symptoms of oesophageal cancer
chest pressure, difficult to swallow, indegestion and heartburn, weightloss
how to diagnose oesophageal cancer
endoscopy
CT chest abdominal pelvis
PET
staging laparoscopy
EUS
treatment of oesophageal cancer
endoscopy- early, less frequent, better prognosis
surgery, chemo/radiotherapy - advanced cancer, much worse prognosis
palliative treatment- too late
2 stage oesophagectomy
chest and abdomin
more common for squamous cell carcinoma
3 stage oesophagectomy
neck, chest and abdomen
more common for adenocarcinoma
palliative care
nutrition
pain control
chemo/radiotherapy
dysphagia- unable to swallow- need oesophageal stent- tube to widen oesophagus
challenges of Oesphageal cancer
screening is important
barret’s disease leads to cancer
delayed diagnosis
invasive surgery
poor survival
gastric cancer risk factors
male
>50 years old
smoking
drinking
obesity
family history
previous gastric surgery
types of gastric cancer
adenocarcinoma- intestinal/diffuse type
lymphoma
symptoms of gastric cancer
poor apetite
stomach pain
constant indegestion
nausea
heartburn
vomiting
weightloss
diagnosis and staging of gastric cancer
endoscopy
CT chest abdomen pelvis
laparoscopy
treatment of gastric cancer
curative- surgery, chemotherapy: neoadjuvant (before surgery), adjuvant (before surgery)
surgical- benign: wedge/sleeve resection, distal gastrectomy
- adenocarcinoma: subtotal/total gastrectomy
palliative- nutrition, pain control, chemo/radiotherapy
