Process of internal regulation

Question 1

The body‘s external environment

Answer 1

• This refers to the surrounding environment in which an
  organism lives

Question 2

How can the body cells make vital changes with the external
environment to which they have no contact?

Answer 2

The presence of the extracellular fluid( fluid that surrounds the cells)

Question 3

Composition of the extracellular fluid

Answer 3

− Plasma : The fluid portion of blood.
− Interstitial fluid : The fluid which surrounds and bathers the cells

Question 4

What is homeostasis

Answer 4

Refers to the process whereby the body maintains a relatively
stable internal environment

Question 5

Examples of homoestasis

Answer 5

1.Production of more red blood cells when oxygen levels drop.
2. Thermoregulation
3. Osmoregulation
4. Production of insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels

Question 6

Factors that are regulated by homeostasis

Answer 6

*Concentration of nutrients
* Concentration of O2 and CO2
* Concentration of water, salt and other electrolytes.
* Temperature
* pH
* Blood glucose levels
* Blood pressure
* Breathing rate

Question 7

Digestive system role in homeostasis

Answer 7

• Ingestion
• Breaks down dietary food for
  absorption
• Egestion

Question 7

Circulatory system role in homeostasis

Answer 7

• Transportation of materials

Question 8

Respiratory system role in homeostasis

Answer 8

• Inspiration and aspiration
• Regulation of pH

Question 8

Urinary system role in homeostasis

Answer 8

• removes excess water, salt,
  acid, and other electrolytes
  from the plasma and
  eliminates them in urine

Question 9

Muscular system roles in homeostasis

Answer 9

• Assists in thermoregulation
  by shivering to produce heat
  when the body is cold.

Question 9

Skeletal system role in homeostasis

Answer 9

• Serves as a storage of calcium
  and other minerals.
• Production of red blood
  cells

Question 10

The endocrine system role in homeostasis

Answer 10

*Hormones regulate growth, metabolism, electrolyte balances, and reproduction. They ensure that body temperature and electrolyte levels remain within specific limits.

Question 10

Homeostatic control systems

Answer 10

interconnected networks of body
components that operate to maintain a given factor in the
internal environment relatively constant around an optimal
level

Question 10

The nervous system role in homeostasis

Answer 10

• Detects changes in the
  external environment and
  initiates reactions to them

Question 11

Receptor

Answer 11

sensor that monitors changes in the
environment

Question 11

Components of the homeostatic control systems

Answer 11

− Receptor
− Control center
− Effector

Question 12

The control center

Answer 12

determines the level (set point) at which
the variable is to be maintained

Question 13

The effector

Answer 13

Carrier of the control centers response to the stimulus

Question 14

Forms of Homeostatic control systems.

Answer 14

−Negative feedback
−Positive feedback

Question 15

The negative feedback mechanism

Answer 15

In this system, the net effect of the response to the stimulus is
to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity

Question 16

Positive feedback mechanism

Answer 16

These mechanisms are rare in the body because they tend to
increase the original disturbance and (stimulus) and push the
variable farther from its original value

Question 17

examples of positive feedback mechanism

Answer 17

1. Blood clotting
2. Digestion

Question 18

Homeostatic imbalance

Answer 18

• It is a condition in which humans internal environmental
  variables become disturbed

Question 19

Effects of homeostatic imbalance

Answer 19

• Increased heart beat
• Low blood pressure
• Fast breathing
• Anxiety
• Decreased urine output
• Falls
• High blood pressure