CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

monosaccharides and disaccharides

Answer 1

simple carbohydrates

Question 2

polysaccharides

Answer 2

complex carbohydrates

Question 3

dextrose or blood sugar

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

fruit sugar

Answer 4

fructose

Question 5

part of lactose

Answer 5

galactose

Question 6

table sugar

Answer 6

sucrose

Question 7

milk sugar

Answer 7

lactose

Question 8

malt sugar

Answer 8

maltose

Question 9

long chains of glucose found in animals

Answer 9

glycogen

Question 10

long chains of glucose in plants

Answer 10

starch

Question 11

most indigestible CHO; gums, mucilages, lignin

Answer 11

fiber

Question 12

insoluble fibers

Answer 12

cellulose, ligninss

Question 13

soluble fibers

Answer 13

pectins, gums, mucilages

Question 14

moves glucose from the blood into the cells

Answer 14

insulin

Question 15

signals the liver to release glucose into the blood

Answer 15

glucagon

Question 16

released when emergency fuel needed

Answer 16

epinepherine

Question 17

mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol

Answer 17

sugar alcohols

Question 18

sugar substitutes

Answer 18

artificial sweeteners

Question 19

monosaccharides contain _________ atoms

Answer 19

chiral carbon

Question 20

used to distinguish the different stereoisomers

Answer 20

fischer projections

Question 21

stereoisomers that are not enantiomers

Answer 21

diasteriomers

Question 22

one or more OHs are replaced with Hs

Answer 22

deoxy sugars

Question 23

one or more OHs are replaced with NH2s

Answer 23

amino sugars

Question 24

ketone or aldehyde is reduced to an alcohol

Answer 24

alcohol sugars

Question 25

ketone, aldehyde, or primary alcohol is oxidized to a carboxylic acid

Answer 25

carboxylic acid sugar

Question 26

sugars that are capable of producing a positive benedict’s test are called

Answer 26

reducing sugars

Question 27

the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon that forms in the ring

Answer 27

anomeric carbon

Question 28

contain a single type of monosaccharide unit

Answer 28

homopolysaccharide

Question 29

contain more than one type of monosaccharide unit

Answer 29

heteropolysaccharides

Question 30

structural polymer produced by plants

Answer 30

polysaccharide cellulose

Question 31

polymer produced by plants for glucose storage

Answer 31

polysaccharide starch

Question 32

found in lubrication fluid that surrounds joints and in the vitreous humor of the eye

Answer 32

hyaluronic acid

Question 33

present in connective tissue

Answer 33

chondroitin sulfate