W3 Beliefs and Behaviors Flashcards

1
Q

Define attitude ( Allport, 1935)

A

“A mental and neural state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individual’s response to all objects and situations with which it is related”.

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2
Q

Define attitude (Eagly &Chaiken, 1933)

A

= “a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor”.

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3
Q

Components of an attiude?

A

Affective component (feelings, emotions) “I like/dislike eating kiwi fruit”.
Cognitive component (beliefs, thoughts) “eating kiwi fruit is good/bad of my health”.
Behavioural component (actions, intentions) “I want to eat a kiwi fruit”.
Synergistic relation = “i don’t like kiwi but it’s healthy, so i want kiwi”

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4
Q

Attitude predicts behavior? (LaPierre, 1934)

A

1/184 restaurants actually refused service to Richard LaPierre and a Chinese couple. 92% of restaurants said that they would not accept Chinese customers when asked (via letter) 6 months later. 92% expressed a negative attitude but only one of the restaurants showed behavior represented by that negative attitude. LaPierre concluded that attitudes do not predict behavior.

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5
Q

Principles of Compatibility (when do attitudes predict behavior)

A

Each attitude + behavior has five elements = (AACTT Presseau et al., 2019) Action. Actor. Context. Target. Time.
The correspondence between attitudes and behavior will be greatest when both are measured at the same degree of specificity.

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6
Q

Attitude strength

A

Accessibility = accessibility attitudes can be recalled from memory more easily (Eagly & Chaiken (1998)
Temporal stability = Strong attitudes are resistant to change and, thus, stable over time (Petty & Krosnick (1995))

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7
Q

Basis of attitudes

A

Attitudes based on feelings are less likely to change over time

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8
Q

Personal importance

A

When something is important you put more effort into the attitude, topics that are more important to you tend to predict behaviour better.

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9
Q

Holland et al. 2002 Attitudes

A

= Attitudes are (inset your favorite definition). Attitudes typically have a relatively weak association with behaviour. The relationship between attitudes and behaviour depends on: Correspondence between (measures of) attitudes and behaviour. + Attitude strength.

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10
Q

The Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975)

A

Behavioral intention(1) + Subjective Norm(2)

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11
Q

The Theory of Reasoned Action Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975

Behavioral Intention (1)

A

are assumed to capture the motivational factors that influence behavior and to indicate “how hard people are willing to try, or how much effort they would exert to perform a behaviour”.

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12
Q

The Theory of Reasoned Action Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975

Subjective Norm (2)

A

What important others think about you performing the behavior. 2 components: 1- Beliefs about whether important others approve or disapprove of your performing the behavior. (My flat mates think that we should recycle our waste plastic.)
2- Motivation to comply (What my flat mates think is not important to me).

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13
Q

Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991)

A

Attitude/Subjective norm/Perceived control => intention => behavior

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14
Q

Perceived behavioral control (Planned behaviour)

A

People’s perceptions of their ability to perform a given behavior. Similar to self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977). (“I am confident that I could recycle 80% of my waste plastic over the next three months”)

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15
Q

Limitations of Planned Behavior

A

= Intentions do not always translate into behavior. The Intention-Behaviour Gap (Sheeran, 2002)
= the sufficiency assumption = The influence of other variables should be fully mediated by the specified social-cognitive variables. Are there additional variables that predict intentions and behaviour?
= Do people really engage in such a complex decision-making process?
Prediction is not the same as explanation.

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16
Q

An experimental test of the theory of planned behavior = Sniehotta (2009)

A

Behavioral-belief-intervention (1), Control-belief-intervention (2), Normative-belief-intervention (3)

17
Q

Control-belief-intervention

An experimental test of the theory of planned behavior: Sniehotta, 2009

A

Addressed four key barriers to participation - cost, time, access, and feelings of discomfort and embarrassment.

18
Q

Normative-belief-intervention

Experimental test of the theory of planned behavior: Sniehotta 2009

A

Emphasised that most friends and family approve of involvement in physical activity which is safe, secure, and healthy.

19
Q

Behavioural-belief-intervention

Experimental test of the theory of planned behavior: Sniehotta 2009

A

Emphasised the positive effects of regular physical activity on health, fitness, mood, stress, and ability.

20
Q

You’ve got this

A

Believe in Yourself