Module 13- Guidelines Flashcards
FAO/WHO convened to
Generate guidelines and recommend criteria and methodologies for probiotics
FAO/WHO Goal
Identify and define what data needs to be available to accurately substantiate health claims
Efficacious Trial
Phase 2
Effectiveness Trial
Phase 3
Labels must have (4)
Contents (genus, species, strain) + minimal number of viable bacteria at end of shelf life + storage conditions + corporate contact details
Strain specific exceptions
General ability of S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus to enhance lactose digestion in lactose intolerant individuals
Key phenotypes for identification purposes
Fermentation patterns of sugars + final products of fermentation from glucose utilisation
Strains distributed in…
Internationally Recognized Culture Collection
In vitro test used to
Screen potential probiotics
Main in vitro test to study probiotic strains (5)
Resistance to gastric acidity and bile acids, adherence to mucus/epi cells, AM activity and reduction of pathogen adherence, bile salt hydrolase activity, resistance to spermicides
in vitro test should correlate with…
In vivo results
Correlation of in vitro and in vivo example
in vitro bile salt resistance and gastric survival in vivo
GRAS status
Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria
4 side effects of probiotics
systemic infections, deleterious metabolic activities, excessive immune stimulation in susceptible, Gene transfer
No cases of infection from
Bifidobacterium
Important cause of nosocomial infection
Enterococcus (vancomycin resistant)
All systemic infections are few and in
Patients with underlying medical conditions