Module 14 - Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Mainly non-pathogenic

A

Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, oral strep, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Some opportunistic

A

Lactobacillus, Strep, Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Haemolytic activity in

A

Enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Safety projects in Europe

A

LABIP (LAB industrial platform) + PROSAFE + FAIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PROSAFE

A

Biosafety evaluation of LAB for human consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FAIR

A

Functional food science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS)

A

Status via flowchart given by European Union Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three Approaches to Safety Studies

A

(1) Intrinsic properties of strain
(2) Pharmacokinetics of strain
(3) Interactions between strain and host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharmacokinetics Studies (4)

A

Survival, activity on intestine, dose-response relationships, faecal and mucosal recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enzymatic properties detrimental to host

A

Excessive deconjugation of bile salts or degradation of mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Additional mechanistic studies if…

A

Bacterial survival differs at different levels of intestine tract + translocation or colonisation properties differ + metabolites produced are different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Used to determine colonization properties

A

Transit markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Used to predict fate of bacteria

A

In vitro models

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Predict fate of bacteri

A

Sensitivity to gastric acid and bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Probiotics

A

Fecal of intestinal intubation or colonic biopsy techniqutes + Transit Markers + fate of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intestinal Cell Lines Test

A

Adhesion and Invasion + Host Response

17
Q

Animal Models Test

A

Dose Response + Role of Intestinal Lesions + Immunosuppression

18
Q

Animal Models can Assess

A

Immunological side effects, Translocation, Immunocompromised patients simulated

19
Q

Lethal Irradiation Model

A

Simulates Immunocompromised patients

20
Q

Limit of animal models

A

Microbiological risk assessment

21
Q

Why limited microbiological risk assessment

A

High variability in species-specific responses

22
Q

Theoretical Adverse Effects of Probiotics

A

Systemic infections, Deleterious metabolic activities, Adjuvant side-effects and ofimmunomodulation, gene transfer

23
Q

Risk of metabolic activities

A

None reported for oral

24
Q

Risk of side effects and immunomodulation

A

None reported

25
Q

Gene Transfer Risk

A

Several antibiotic resistant plasmids in Lactobacillus + Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus

26
Q

Infections of probiotics

A

Few traced to fungemia in patients with catheter from Saccharomyces boulardii

27
Q

Infection cases

A

Few isolated in patients with serious underlying conditions (predisposed to infections)

28
Q

Predisposed to Infections

A

Abnormal heart valve + Catheter

29
Q

Infection- No side Effects

A

Chron’s disease + enteritis + AIDs + food LAB

30
Q

Record …. of candidate probiotic

A

Isolation history and taxonomic classification

31
Q

Manufacturing Controls

A

Eliminate contamination and cross contamination between batches with microbes or other substances

32
Q

Most consider … for safety

A

Physiological status of population, dose, method of administration, Allegory materials like dairy proteins