POM 08 - T cells and antibodies in infection Flashcards
what are the 2 types of immunity
innate and adaptive
for the innate immune system what does it recognize, when is it recruited into the immune response, and how does it respond to repeated exposures
recognizes broad patterns
generally early defenses
no difference with repeated exposures
for the adaptive immune system what does it recognize, when is it recruited into the immune response, and how does it respond to repeated exposures
recognizes highly specific antigens
generally later defenses
results in immunological memory from repeated exposure
what are the 2 branches of the adaptive immune system
humoral immunity
cell mediated immunity
humoral immunity is a product of ____ and it involves ____
product of B cells
involves antibodies
cell mediated immunity is a product of ____ and what is its antibody ivolvement
product of T cells
does not involve antibodies
where does the humoral immunity operate and what does it operate against
operates against antigens/specific shapes
operates outside of cells
what kinds of pathogens does the humoral immune system act against and how
viruses and toxins - stops attachment and coats toxins with antibodies
extracellular bacteria - enhance opsonization and phagocytosis and activates complement
where does the cell mediated immunity operate and what does it operate against
operates against antigens inside cells
what kinds of ‘pathogens’ does the cell mediated immune system act against and how
virus infected cells
tumour cells
transplanted organs
why do we need more than antibodies
viruses grow inside of cells and are therefore inaccessible to antibodies
what are the 2 lineages of T lymphocytes
cytotoxic/killer T cell
helper T cell
what is the role of killer T cells
kill cells with foreign/altered intracellular protein antigens
what is the role of helper T cells
produce cytokine hormones to assist other responses
what is VDJ recombination
range of specifications generated by complex recombinations of different genes inside the T cells as they mature in thymus
what is CD8 important for
activation of cells
are all T cell receptor specificities the same - what is the clinical implication of this
no there are different specificities so different shapes of receptors possible
what does CD3 do
links to T cell receptor and carries signals to T cell that can activate T cell to do some killing if antigen binds to T cell
what are the molecules and receptors on killer T cells
CD8
T cell receptor
CD3
what are the molecules and receptors on helper T cells
CD4
T cell receptor
CD3
what antigens can be ‘seen’ by helper T cells
only see antigens on specialized cells that can present antigens eg macrophages. dendritic cells etc
what does class 1 HLA present and what does it present to
presents antigens from any cell in the body onto the surface of the cell
only presents to killer T cells
where are the antigens that class 1 HLA present
in the cell - endogenous
antigen is inside cytoplasm could be from virus/mutations
what does class 2 HLA present and where are they found
presents antigens (usually phagocyte)
only found on antigen presenting cells