Chapter 8: Pest Management Theory

Question 1

How old is pest management

Answer 1

As old as domestication of plants

Question 2

what was used as pest management in 2500BC

Answer 2

sulfur

Question 3

What did Egyptian and Chinese farmers use as insecticides

Answer 3

herbs & oils to protect seeds and stored grains

Question 4

what year was the insecticide era

Answer 4

1939-1962

Question 5

history of insecticide era

Answer 5

began with rapid expansion of miracle insecticides (DDT)

Question 6

What was used before DDT

Answer 6

from petroleum and coal tar distillates, plants, or inorganic compounds like arsenic

Question 7

who made DDT

Answer 7

Othmar Zeilder in 1873 then later Paul Muller

Question 8

What was DDT used for

Answer 8

supress mosquitos, fleas, lice, among soldiers to reduce malaria and typhus

Question 9

Why did DDT fail

Answer 9

it encouraged insecticide resistance & other problems eventually being found in milk and other food products

Question 10

where did the concept of pest management come from

Answer 10

discontent with purely insecticide approaches from 1950s and the idea of natural enemies rose in popularity

Question 11

Integrated control

Answer 11

Emphasizes selective use of insecticides so that natural enemies were conserved in the agreoecosystem

Question 12

Pest management programs include:

Answer 12

selectivity for the pest, comprehensive management for the production system, compatibility with ecological principles, tolerance for potentially harmful species within economically acceptable limits

Question 13

Tactics used to maintain pest populations

Answer 13

natural enemies, resistant varieties, insecticides, etc.

Question 14

pest management strategy

Answer 14

overall plan to eliminate or alleviate or perceived pest problem

Question 15

Pest management strategies

Answer 15

do nothing, reduce pest population numbers, reduce crop susceptibility to pest injury, combine reduced crop susceptibility

Question 16

do nothing strategy

Answer 16

sometimes crop will be able to tolerate the insect better than additional management

Question 17

Reduce numbers strategy

Answer 17

reduce insect numbers to prevent problems

Question 18

carrying capacity

Answer 18

maximum number of insects a given environment will support for a sustained period

Question 19

Reduce-crop susceptibility strategy

Answer 19

generally most effective and environmentally stable, insect population is not modified. rely on changes made in host plant or animal to render is less susceptible to an otherwise damaging pest population

Question 20

Combined Strategy

Answer 20

Combines do nothing, reduce numbers, reduce crop sustainability that produces a program with several tactics

Question 21

Sub-economic pests

Answer 21

damage usually below EIL. usually do nothing strategy

Question 22

Occasional pest

Answer 22

common type of pest, damage usually below EIL. Early detection, prediction, and employmenet of tactics ONLY when EIL is reached

Question 23

perennial and severe pests

Answer 23

pests that cause most serious damage

Question 24

Key pests

Answer 24

pests of a relatively high market value crop

Question 25

severe pests

Answer 25

long term average density of the pest is above the EIL